Health and Safety

1. Health and Safety By: Cassidy Hageman

2. Safety concerns for children ages 0-2 • Suffocation; the infant should never use a pillow because they can suffocate if they aren't strong enough to lift their head, To prevent this, do not put a pillow into their crib until they are strong enough to handle it. • Stairs; when a child is learning to crawl or scoot the stairs can be fatal. To Prevent this, the stairs should be blocked off with a gate or the child should be supervised at all times near them. • Choking; magnets or anything they can pick up or grip in their hands that they could potentially choke on. To prevent this, keep all small objects away from the child • Drowning; any open water that the child can access. To prevent the child drowning, any water should be covered such as toilets, and especially baths. Baths should ALWAYS be supervised • Electrictricuted; power outlets with cords or any cord near water is extremely dangerous to an infant. To prevent the child harming itself with electricity, monitor where the child is and cover all cords

3. Ages 0-2 choking hazards • Whole grapes should never be served whole until age of 5 • Hard candy including cough drops • Hot dogs into small pieces • Nuts are a hazard • Popcorn

4. Safety Concerns for children ages 3-5 • Car seats; a child should always be in a car seat while the car is moving to prevent injury if there was an accident. • Home hazards; children cannot tell if anything is hot or cold or sharp or dull, therefore anything that can be dangerous for the child to touch should be child proofed or out of the child's reach. Also, keep all plastic bags out of reach of children. • Medical emergencies; Deal with any injury immediately, soothe the child, and remain calm the whole time. Also, if the child needs to go see a professional, go as soon as possible. • Outdoor safety; careful of monkey bars, or anything the child can pinch their fingers in. Also, monitor to see if the child falls down and scrapes themselves. If a scrape is present, clean and cover the injury. • Sun safety; Always apply plenty of sunscreen to the child. Also, if the child will wear a hat to protect their face from sun rays, do that.

5. Choking Hazards for children ages 3-5 • Boned chicken • Meat • Gum • Sunflower seeds • Carrots

6. Safety concerns for children ages 5-7 • Online issues; the children should always be on appropriate websites. The web sites they view should always be supervised. • Road safety; the child should never walk across a busy road alone • Strangers; teach the children never to talk to strangers or go with anyone they do not know • School safety; bullying is very common and the child should be taught to always inform an adult if they are being bullied • Injuries; the child is probably into sports by now and should always remain safe and sanitary

7. Choking hazards for ages 5-7 • Balloons • Marbles • Safety pins; household items • Raw veggies • Bones in meat

8. Top 5 choking hazards for children • Balloons • Grapes • Chicken bones • Gumballs • Household items

9. 3 types of burns • First-degree; produces a pink to reddish color on the burned skin. Mild swelling, tenderness and pain are also symptoms. This is the least serious type of burn and involves only the upper layer of skin. For these minor burns, the victim should cool with plain water and use non-prescription antibiotic creams. • Second degree; involve the epidermis and the second skin layer, the dermis. The epidermis is destroyed and burned-through in a second-degree burn. There are the same symptoms of pain and swelling but the skin color is usually a bright red and blisters are produced. Usually second-degree burns produce scarring. Second degree burns may take from one to three weeks to heal but are considered minor if they cover no more than 15% of the total body area in adults and 10% body area in children. These burns require medical attention and medication to heal properly. • Third degree; may appear charred or have patches which appear white, brown or black. Both the dermis and epidermis are destroyed and other organs, tissues and bones may also be involved. Third-degree burns are considered the most serious. They produce deep scars that many times require cosmetic or reconstructive surgery and skin grafts. Pain may or may not be present since usually nerve endings which transmit pain have been destroyed in this type burn.

10. Treatment • Closed Wounds • Examine closely to see if anything is swollen or potentially broken. • Also look for any discoloration or bruising • Ice the area Open Wounds • examine the wound to see if any infection is present or needs to be medically handled • Thoroughly and gently clean the wound out • After wound is cleaned, pat dry the area and cover it with gauze and a clean, dry bandage. Neosporin is necessary and appropriate for most open wounds

11. Treatment for Head trauma • Do not leave child alone • Don’t let the child sleep • If head is bleeding, call for medical help immediately and stay with the child • Stay calm • Put a cool compress on the head

12. Shock Treatment • Elevate feet • Lay child down if possible • Do not raise head • Keep them warm and comfortable • Keep them still • Wait for medical attention and examination

13. Treatment for an allergic reaction • Call 911 if: throat is closing up, difficulty breathing, an other life threatening symptoms • If hives, watery and itchy eyes, stuffy nose, and rashes are present. Antibiotic is appropriate

14. Treatment for lice • Call parents to pick them up • They should use a medical shampoo for lice purposes • wash all materials that lice could be on • Stay away from school or public areas

15. Treatment for knocked out tooth • have tooth put in plastic baggy • Have child rinse with cold water • Hold a compress (tissue) on where the tooth was knocked out to stop bleeding • Contact parents • Be sure blood is no where else and wear latex gloves in handling any blood or bodily fluids

16. Treatment for Poisoning • Call 911 if: person has collapsed, stopped breathing, throwing up consistently, throat closing up. • Call poison control if: Swallowed too much medicine or the wrong kind, Inhaled poison, Gotten poison on the skin or in the eye, Swallowed a household product or other chemical • Stay with child until help is available and remain calm

18. Fire Safety • make sure a fire doesn't break out in the first place • be aware of potential hazards in your home • Replace or professionally repair any appliances that spark, smell unusual, or overheat. • Don't run electrical wires under rugs. • Make sure lamps and night-lights are not touching bedspreads, drapes, or other fabrics. • Use caution when using electric blankets. • Don't let kids use kitchen appliances by themselves and supervise any art or science projects that involve electrical devices.

19. Child safety • Poison control #- 1-800-222-1222 • 911

20. Sources • http://www.mdpoison.com/ • http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/first-aid-shock/FA00056 • http://firstaid.webmd.com/shock-treatment