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Comprehensive Overview of Transmission Media and Digital Signal Technologies

This document provides an in-depth examination of various transmission media, including Twisted Pair (UTP, STP), Coaxial, Optical Fiber (Single-mode, Multimode), and Satellite/Wireless systems. It explores modulation technologies, both analog and digital, alongside digital signal encoding methods. Additionally, it covers key concepts in physical layer technology, such as connector types, data transmission standards (10Base-T, 100Base-T, PDH, SDH), and the advantages of each media type. The goal is to enhance understanding of these essential communication infrastructures and their applications.

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Comprehensive Overview of Transmission Media and Digital Signal Technologies

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  1. Our goals: Transmission media: Magnetic media Twisted Pair(TP): UTP (unshielded), STP(shielded) Coaxial cable (Baseband/digital, Broadband/analogy) Optical Fiber (Single mode, multimode: graded-index, step-index) Satellite/Wireless (Microwave, Radio) Modulation technologies: Analogy: FM,AM,PM,… Digital: ASK, FSK, PSK, QPSK, QAM,… Digital Signal Encoding: RZ, NRZ, Manchester, 4B/5B,.. Digital Hierarchy: PDH, SDH, T1, E1,… The Physical Layer Physical Layer

  2. With better stability Transmission distance: 100m (without repeater) Connector: RJ-45(Internet), RJ-11 (phone) 10Baase-T, 100Base-T, 1000Base-T(Ethernet) Categories: Twisted Pair Physical Layer

  3. Twisted Pair: UTP & STP Physical Layer

  4. Immune to magneticwave interference RG-58 Broadband Coaxial Cable: impedance 75, analogy transmission, higher bandwidth Baseband Coaxial Cable: impedance 50, digital transmission, lower bandwidth T-type BNC connector Used by 10Base2 (Thin Ethernet), 10Base5 (Thick Ethernet) Coaxial Cabel Physical Layer

  5. Advantages: Immune to inference Long transmission distance High security High bandwidth, > 1 Gbps High stability Low loss Single Mode Fiber: LX SC connector Laser emitting, longer transmission distance Multimode Fiber: LED emitting, with dispersion, shorter transmission distance Step-Index Graded-Index Optical Fiber Physical Layer

  6. Optical Fiber Physical Layer

  7. A large repeater GEO：Geostationary Earth Orbit(~36000km) MEO：Medium-Earth Orbit LEO：Low-Earth Orbit Large coverage High economic efficiency Everywhere can see the sky can communicate Satellite Physical Layer

  8. Data Communication System Physical Layer

  9. Analogy Modulation AM (Amplitude Modulation): FM (Frequency Modulation): where PM (Phase Modulation) : Digital Modulation ASK, FSK, PSK, BPSK, QPSK QAM Modulation Technologies Physical Layer

  10. Digitize Technology:PCM Sampling: Nyquist Theorem Voice: 8kHz sampling rate Physical Layer

  11. PCM:Quantization Physical Layer

  12. Computation of Digital Data Volume What data volume of a song in the audio CD? Physical Layer

  13. 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 NRZ RZ Manchester Differential Manchester Bipolar Digital Signal Encoding Physical Layer

  14. Digital Hierarchy:PDH • PDH (Plesiochronous Digital Hierarchy) • Northern American Standards: T1(DS1), T2(DS2), T3(DS3), … DS1: Physical Layer

  15. Digital Hierarchy:PDH • PDH (Plesiochronous Digital Hierarchy) • European Standards: E1, E2, E3, … E1: Physical Layer

  16. Digital Hierarchy:SDH 0 0 Physical Layer

  17. Digital Hierarchy:SDH STS-1 (Synchronous Transport Signal-1) STM-1 (Synchronous Transfer Mode-1) SPE (Synchronous Payload Envelope) SONET Frame Format: Physical Layer

  18. Digital Hierarchy:SDH SDH Frame Format: Physical Layer

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