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The "Golden Age” of the Netherlands

The "Golden Age” of the Netherlands. (1580s - 1670s). The Netherlands: The “ Low Country ”. 17c: The “ Dutch ” Century. It was a political Republic: no monarchy. A radical attitude towards religion in the country. A certain level of religious toleration. Stable, thriving economy.

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The "Golden Age” of the Netherlands

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  1. The "Golden Age” of the Netherlands (1580s - 1670s)

  2. TheNetherlands:The “Low Country”

  3. 17c: The “Dutch” Century • It was a political Republic:no monarchy. • A radical attitude towards religion in the country. • A certain level of religious toleration. • Stable, thriving economy. • “Golden Age” of artists and thinkers. • Religion and everyday life were recurring themes in their art.

  4. Dutch Politics

  5. The Netherlands (1609)

  6. Political Independence Each of the 7 Dutch provinces was politically independent. The Dutch were not governed by an absolute ruler. Political power passed into the hands of wealth merchants.

  7. Political Independence Each province elected a stadtholder (governor) and military leader. During times of crisis, all seven provinces would elect the same stadtholder, usually from the House of Orange.

  8. The Dutch Federation REGENTS - provincial level - held virtually all the power - strong advocates of local independence STADTHOLDER - States General representative from each province - responsible for defense and order STATES GENERAL - federal assembly - foreign affairs (war) - all issues had to be referred to the local Estates

  9. Dutch Royal Palace, Amsterdam 1648-1665

  10. Religious Tolerance

  11. Religious Toleration Calvinism was the dominant religion. Lutherans, Anabaptists, Catholics, and Jews all enjoyed religious freedom. Religious toleration helped create a cosmopolitan society tat promoted commerce.

  12. The Dutch Economy

  13. Dutch Society • Cities of Amsterdam & Rotterdam: granaries with enough surplus for one year. • Generally higher salaries than in any other parts of W. Europe. • Even women had higher wages. • “Protestant work ethic.” • Thrift and frugality. • Had the highest standard of living in Europe!

  14. The Dutch Economy Dried fish and grains were important. Exported diamonds, linens, pottery, spices, and flowers (tulips). Not much inflation. Great Dutch land reclamation project was accelerated during this time. Masters of the “carrying trade” (lowest shipping rates in Europe).

  15. The Dutch Economy Dutch Republic was Europe’s leading commercial power during most of the 17th century. Amsterdam remained Europe’s financial center until the French Revolution- 1789. The Dutch fleet of 10,000 ships was the largest in the world. Played a key role in the Dutch economy.

  16. The Dutch Economy As trade shifted from the Mediterranean to the Atlantic, Dutch replaced Italians as the bankers of Europe. Dutch East India Company displaced the Portuguese and gained control of the spice trade in the East Indies.

  17. 17c Dutch Global Commerce

  18. Dutch East India Company, 1602

  19. Dutch West IndiaCompany, 1621 NetherlandAntilles

  20. Fort Orange (Albany, NY)in New Netherlands

  21. New Amsterdam (NYC) Settled in 1624. Official Flag of the NYC Seal of the City of NY.

  22. Dutch East India Ship, mid-17c

  23. Return of the Dutch East IndiaFleet, 1599

  24. DutchDelftware English Delftware

  25. 18c Delftware Tobacco Jars

  26. Economic Decline of The Netherlands

  27. Economic Decline Costly with England and France damaged the Dutch Republic England and France became the dominant European powers William of Orange, strong Dutch Stadtholder, becomes King in England as a result of the Glorious Revolution.

  28. Anglo-Dutch Wars • First Anglo-Dutch War: 1660-1665 • Second Anglo-Dutch War: 1665-1667 • Third Anglo-Dutch War: 1674-1678 King William III Queen Mary II ascend the throne of England in 1689 after the Glorious Revolution.

  29. Dutch Art

  30. Dutch Art Artists focused on painting individual and group portraits, landscapes, and scenes of every day life. Rembrandt and Vermeer were the greatest artists of this time period.

  31. The Night Watch – Rembrandt, 1642

  32. Anatomy Lecture of Dr. Nicolaes Tulp – Rembrandt, 1632

  33. (detail) Anatomy Lecture of Dr. Nicolaes Tulp – Rembrandt, 1632

  34. Portrait of an Old Jewish ManRembrandt, 1654

  35. Sampling Officials of the Drapers Guild – Rembrandt - 1662

  36. The Leiden Baker & His WifeJan Steen

  37. The Lace MakerNicolaes Maes

  38. A Young Woman with a Water Jug - Jan Vermeer, 1662

  39. Girl with a Pearl EarringJan Vermeer, 1665

  40. The Lace MakerJan Vermeer, 1669-1670

  41. A Woman Holding a BalanceJan Vermeer, 1662

  42. The AstronomerJan Vermeer, 1668

  43. The GeographerJan Vermeer, 1668-1669

  44. Girl Reading a Letter with the Window Open - Jan Vermeer, 1657

  45. The Music LessonJan Vermeer, 1662-1665

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