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1800’s American Literary Movements

1800’s American Literary Movements. Romanticism, Transcendentalism, Gothic, and Realism. Romanticism. Artistic, literary, and intellectual movement that started in the second half of the 1700’s in Western Europe Gained strength during the Industrial Revolution

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1800’s American Literary Movements

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  1. 1800’s American Literary Movements Romanticism, Transcendentalism, Gothic, and Realism

  2. Romanticism • Artistic, literary, and intellectual movement that started in the second half of the 1700’s in Western Europe • Gained strength during the Industrial Revolution • Loved nature and disliked the Industrial Revolution. • Worked to portray the world at its most beautiful. • Growing factories, industry, and cities are bad • Moved away from an emphasis on reason and instead focus on the senses and emotions.

  3. Romanticism Lord Byron, “My Soul is Dark” My soul is dark - Oh! quickly string The harp I yet can brook to hear; And let thy gentle fingers fling Its melting murmurs o'er mine ear. If in this heart a hope be dear, That sound shall charm it forth again: If in these eyes there lurk a tear, 'Twill flow, and cease to burn my brain.

  4. Transcendentalism • Transcendentalism took a lot from Romanticism • Important movement in philosophy and literature • Began as a protest against the culture and society • Believed in an ideal spiritual state that 'transcends' the physical • Realized through the individual's intuition, rather than through the doctrines of established religions. • Transcendentalist focused on self-discovery and self-reliance.

  5. Transcendentalism • Ralph Waldo Emerson, Nature (1836) • "Standing on the bare ground,--my head bathed by the blithe air, and uplifted into infinite space,--all mean egotism vanishes. I become a transparent eye-ball. I am nothing. I see all. The currents of the Universal Being circulate through me; I am part or parcel of God”

  6. Gothic • Gothic writing also takes a lot from Romanticism • Embodies an appreciation of the joys of extreme emotion, the thrills of fearfulness and awe. • Prominent features of Gothic fiction include: • terror (both psychological and physical) • mystery • the supernatural, vampires, werewolves • ghosts, haunted houses • death and darkness • curses, punishment for wrongdoing • castles, cathedrals

  7. Gothic Once upon a midnight dreary, while I pondered weak and weary, Over many a quaint and curious volume of forgotten lore, While I nodded, nearly napping, suddenly there came a tapping, As of some one gently rapping, rapping at my chamber door. `'Tis some visitor,' I muttered, `tapping at my chamber door Only this, and nothing more.'

  8. Realism • Popular from the Civil War to the turn of the century • Fiction devoted to accurate representation and exploration of American lives • Wanted to show their changing society exactly how it was. • They worked to show the world exactly as it was.

  9. Realism • “Realism is nothing more and nothing less than the truthful treatment of material.” • William Dean Howells, Harper’s Monthly Magazine, 1889

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