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Chapter 5 Reading

Chapter 5 Reading. Energy. 5.10, 5.11, 5.12, 5.13, 5.14, 5.15. Important Concepts. Definition of energy Forms of energy Chemical reactions ATP, the energy molecule Energy coupling E nzymes. Chapter 6 Reading. Energy Metabolism: Cellular Respiration.

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Chapter 5 Reading

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  1. Chapter 5 Reading Energy 5.10, 5.11, 5.12, 5.13, 5.14, 5.15 Important Concepts Definition of energy Forms of energy Chemical reactions ATP, the energy molecule Energy coupling Enzymes

  2. Chapter 6 Reading Energy Metabolism: Cellular Respiration 6.1, 6.2, 6.3, 6.4, 6.5, 6.6, 6.10, 6.11, 6.12, 6.13, 6.15 26.7, 26.8 Important Concepts Energy flow through the biological world Chemical equation of cellular respiration Oxidation/Reduction reactions Glycolysis, TCA cycle, Electron transport ATP synthesis Fermentation Protein and fat metabolism Metabolism and disease

  3. Chapter 7 Reading Energy Metabolism: Photosynthesis 7.1, 7.2, 7.3, 7.4, 7.5, 7.6, 7.7, 7.8, 7.9, 7.11 Important Concepts Plant Cells and Chloroplasts Chemical equation of photosynthesis Properties of light and pigments ATP and NADPH synthesis (light reactions) Glucose synthesis (Calvin cycle)

  4. Chapter 8 Reading Cell Reproduction: Mitosis and Meiosis 8.1, 8.2, 8.4, 8.5, 8.6, 8.9, 8.11, 8.12, 8.13, 8.14, 8.15, 8.17, 8.19, 8.20, 8.21 10.4 Important Concepts Mitotic cell divisions and cell number Chromosomes and karyotypes Aneuploid Syndromes Mitotic cell cycle DNA replication M-phase (prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase)

  5. Cellular Respiration Glycolysis “Splitting of glucose” into two 3-carbon molecules Some ATP synthesis Some NADH synthesis (takes up electrons) TCA Cycle (Citric acid cycle, Krebs Cycle) CO2 production Some ATP synthesis Some NADH synthesis (takes up electrons) Electron Transport (Oxidative Phosphorylation) NADH gives up electrons O2 converted to H2O Lots of ATP synthesis!!!!!

  6. Brown Fat and Heat Generation Brown fat cells

  7. Uncoupling Electron Transport from ATP Synthesis Inner Mitochondrial Membrane

  8. Regulation of Blood Glucose Hormone: Insulin Insulin is produced in the pancreas Insulin stimulates: Glucose uptake Glycogen synthesis Glycolysis/TCA cycle

  9. Insulin Hormone Made in the pancreas Response to high glucose

  10. Type I Diabetes Autoimmune Disease Failure to produce insulin At risk for: Diabetic ketoacidosis (coma) Kidney failure Circulatory problems

  11. Tumor Development

  12. Cancer Cells No O2

  13. PET Scanning for Tumors Radioactive glucose injection Lymphoma with brain, chest and spleen involvement Wait ~ 45 minutes PET scan

  14. Mitotic Cell Division Time

  15. Human Haploid Chromosome Set

  16. Chromosome DNA size Gene # Chromosome DNA Size Gene # 1 247 Mbp 3380 14 106 Mbp 1453 2 243 Mbp 2204 15 100 Mbp 1202 3 200 Mbp 1760 16 89 Mbp 1318 4 191 Mbp 1361 17 79 Mbp 1714 5 181 Mbp 1536 18 76 Mbp 517 6 171 Mbp 1959 7 159 Mbp 1764 19 64 Mbp 1992 8 146 Mbp 1247 20 62 Mbp 857 9 140 Mbp 1435 21 47 Mbp 425 10 135 Mbp 1305 22 50 Mbp 835 11 134 Mbp 2051 X 155 Mbp 1606 12 132 Mbp 1629 13 114 Mbp 649 Y 58 Mbp 397

  17. HumanKaryotypes Female Male

  18. Homologous Chromosomes P = Paternal M = Maternal P M

  19. Human Haploid Chromosome Set or

  20. X Chromosome 155 Million base pairs (bp) 1606 Genes X-linked Traits Muscular Dystrophy (Duchenne) Adrenoleukodystrophy Hemophilia A Hemophilia B Green Color Blindness Red Color Blindness

  21. X Chromosome Female Male

  22. Y Chromosome 58 Million base pairs (bp) 397 Genes

  23. Down Syndrome Karyotype Trisomy 21

  24. Trisomy21

  25. Frequency of Aneuploid Syndromes

  26. Amniocentesis Karyotype analysis 14-16 weeks Fig. 24-11 Pg. 644

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