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Heredity is the process by which traits are passed from parents to their offspring, governed by genes that come in different forms known as alleles. These alleles separate and move into different cells during cell division, specifically meiosis. Each trait is influenced by a specific gene, and studying these patterns of inheritance forms the basis of genetics. Gregor Mendel, often referred to as the father of genetics, laid the groundwork for understanding how traits are inherited through systematic experiments with pea plants.
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