Genetic Diseases & Disorders

1. Genetic Diseases & Disorders February 27, 2012

2. Do Now… • WRITE OUT EACH QUESTION…. • ______________ is the process that occurs after transcription of the DNA into RNA and the message is read to create proteins. • What is the process by which DNA is read and a corresponding strand of RNA is created? • Translation • Transcription • Replication • Mutation • Write out the corresponding DNA code that would be created during replication of this strand: ATT CGA TTA CCA GTA CAT GTA

3. Announcements • Turn in your parent letters • Turn in the Microbiology Test Assignment. • I am not making you another copy. If you need another one, please use the WIKI (under class documents) and print it from home or write out the answers on a sheet of paper. • Notebook Check on Friday • The last notebook check was very eye-opening. Please be prepared for this one. • Class Poll: Would you like to have a crate in class for the option to leave your notebooks in every day? • Teacher Assistant Sign-Up on Science Superstars Board

4. Agenda for today: • Review of Mutations • What is a mutation? Is it a good thing or a bad thing? • Benefits to Mutations • Disorders & Diseases associated with Genetic Mutations • Three Levels • Notes & Short Videos • Group Assignments • Disease Stations: • Sickle Cell Anemia • Huntington’s Disease • Down’s Syndrome • Klinefelter’s Syndrome

5. Review from Friday • A mutation is any change in the DNA. • The change can be beneficial, detrimental, or have no effect. • In other words, the change can be Good or Bad. It may not have any affect • The mutation may have a small or large effect. • Level 1, Level 2, or Level 3 • MUTATIONS are not what we think of from Sci-Fi/Horror Movies! • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gqvYOr78THo&feature=related

6. Beneficial Mutations • Beneficial Mutations: • Provide Genetic Variation • Allow species to Adapt to the Environment & Conditions • Mutations are what have allowed the Earth to have the variety of life we have today • Part of the “engine” of Evolution—(it’s what drives evolution) • EXAMPLES: • Mutations have allowed organisms to evolve from unicellular to multicellular organisms • Development of the Human Thumb

7. Mutations that cause Disease • Often a mutation can cause disease. • Genetic Diseases can be classified in three levels.

8. Level 1 Mutations • Level 1: Single-Gene Disorders • Result when a mutation causes the protein product of a single gene to be altered or missing. • Ex: Sickle Cell Anemia, Cystic Fibrosis, & Huntington’s Disease

9. LEVEl 2 Mutations • Level 2: Chromosomal Abnormalities • Entire Chromosomes (or large segments of them) are missing, duplicated, or otherwise altered. • Ex: Down’s Syndrome, Klinefelter Syndrome

10. Level 3 mutations • Level 3: Multifactorial Disorders • Result from mutations in multiple genes, often coupled with environmental causes • EXAMPLES: Colon Cancer, Breast/Ovarian Cancer, Alzheimer’s • Before we head to our stations, lets watch a video about mutations that cause Ovarian & Breast Cancer: • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4bGkUQBw1Rs&feature=related

11. Stations • We will be visiting stations today that talk about some of the most well-known Genetic diseases. • There are eight stations covering four different diseases. The class will be split into groups that cover the front wall and back wall. Each group has been assigned 2-3 members. • You will read the short article provided and answer the questions posted at each station on your group activity sheet. This will be graded for participation. • You will have approximately 8 minutes at each station. You will move to the station with the next number up. • 1  2  3  4  1

12. 3-2-1 Exit TIcket • You will need to complete this before you will be allowed to leave class. • Three things you learned today • Two things you are still confused about • One thing you would like to know more about