Shelter meeting, Geneva 15.11.2007

1. Shelter meeting, Geneva 15.11.2007 Site planning – The block approach Jean Vergain jvergain@icrc.org

2. Health pyramid • Care • Medical • Surgery • Public health • Immunization • Health education • Food • Nutrition • Environmental • health • Water • Waste • Energy • Housing

3. Care • Medical • Surgery • Public health • Immunization • Health education Food Nutrition Health pyramid !

4. Concept of interaction between population and environment Human waste Garbage Liquid waste Population Environment Water Energy Materials / Housing Vectors

5. Example of vicious circle in the relations between population and environment Human waste Population Increased incidence of diarrheal diseases within the population Inadequate disposal of human waste leads to increased contamination of the environment and an increased number of disease vectors Increased risk of transmitting germs

6. University Hospitals of Geneva needs per day in 2001 (www.hug-ge.ch) • 2'187 beds • 1'950'000 liters = 195 water trucks (10 m3) • 125'000 KwH • 7'700 meals (included visitors) Annual budget = 1'200 mio CHF ICRC budget = 830 mio CHF

7. Daily needs for 10'000 displaced people 100 consultation Food : 5'500 kg Water : 200'000 liters 1 hospitalization

8. Choice of a site • Access to: • Food • Water • Energy Drainage Security Wind Liquid waste Rain water Waste Population Access to communication routes Allocate a large area

9. Choice of a site • Adequate water available all year • Space sufficient (45 m2/person when possible) • Adequate drainage (avoid flat and marshy ground) • No major environmental health hazard (high winds, extremes of weather or risks of flooding) • Fairly easy access to road and other communications, and to supplies of food, cooking fuel and shelter materials • Vegetation provides shade and soil conditions permit water infiltration and possibilities for vegetable gardening • Good security and little possibility of the population being affected by hostilities, or coming into conflict with local residents

10. Social behaviour • Camp situation • Existing social disruption • Large concentration of population • Large demand for water • Contamination of existing water sources • Fight for water • Resident population • Social rules linked to water • Traditional beliefs • Water rights

11. Road 1000m Slope 5% 600m River = 100 m x 100 m Site planning (1) Number of refugees : 20'000 Family size : 7 Number of users per latrine : 50 Maxmium distance to the latrine : 50m Slope : 5% Surface per person : 30m2  Camp dimension : 600 x 1000 m

12. Total surface area for a camp 30 m2/person = 350 persons Road 1000m = 100 m x 100 m 600m Slope 5% River Site planning (2)

13. 1. 4. Distance between blocks : 30m = 100 m x 100 m 2. 100m 30 m2/person 15 70 15 = 350 persons 15 3. 60 Total for the camp : 100m 70 57 20'000 pers. / 350 : For administration and hospital : 3 15 Site planning (3)

14. 5. 6. 70 m 10 m 10 m 20 m 7 m 7 m 5 m 7 m 20 m 8 X 6 = 48 families 7m x 10m per family 10 m2 per person 5 m 7pers x 6plots x 8groups x 57blocs = 19152 persons 20 m Site planning (4)

15. Road 1000m Warehouse Hospital Water facility Administration 600m Slope 5% River Site planning (5)

16. Abshok campin Darfur,Sudan60'000 IDPs