Ecology 14

1. By: James L. & Nicolas L. Ecology 14

2. Fox Park Pond (Pond) This beautiful man-made pond / park is a habitat for many species. This is an “outdoorsy” place for humans and other things. Some organisms and abiotic things that are housed here are... One example of the harmony between abiotic and biotic organisms is how the sun and oxygen helps fish to survive; therefore, they can repopulate and further inhabit the area, supporting the food chain. By The Way... This picture is upside-down • Plant-life: • Silver Maple • Red Maple • Beach Trees • Bladderwarts • Red Oak • Small vegetation • Witch-Hazel • Critters: • Fish • Humans • Craw-Fish • Various Bugs Air! Sun! • Water! Some critters found at Fox Park Pond. pH – 5 (very acidic) Temp. - 80℉ “They kill good trees to put out bad newspapers.”  ~James G. Watt, quoted in Newsweek, 8 March 1982

3. What is a pond? A pond is a small body of water, usually without any currents, and no major tributaries. What is the difference between man-made and natural ponds? Man-made ponds are made artificially and must have life introduced to them, also artificially. Natural ponds are caused by depressions in the earth, and water flows to it naturally. Also, life introduces itself to it. What ponds did we visit? We visited Fox Park Pond and Beaver Pond. Pond q&a

4. Rattlesnake Mountain (Environment) Rattlesnake Mountain is 1594 feet high. There are many biotic and abiotic features on Rattlesnake Mountain. Some of the many examples of the biotic and abiotic features are... At Rattlesnake Mountain , biotic and abiotic features work together to form the environment. An example of this harmony is rotting trees, leaves, and critters that provide nutrients to eroded rocks (sand) to form soil. The Sun and water are the main causes of the weathering and erosion cycle. Trees: • Sugar Maple • Witch-Hazel • Yellow Birch • Beach • White Pine • Hemlock • Red Oak • Striped Maple Critters: • Dogs • Squirrels • Chipmunks • Eagle • Horse-flies • Deer-flies • Humans • Crickets • Various Bugs Rocks: • Gneiss • Schist • Mica (Muscovite and Biotite) Temperature - 80℉ in a pool of water pH – 4.5 (very acidic) Looks like Connor had a very nice trip... “We never know the worth of water till the well is dry.”  ~Thomas Fuller, Gnomologia, 1732

5. Baker River and Pemi River (River) The Baker River is around 36.4 miles long. In this river, there are monumental examples of harmony and cooperation between biotic organisms and abiotic features. Some of the biotic and abiotic things are... One of the many examples of harmony between biotic and abiotic features is how certain organisms, such as craw-fish and snails, can use rocks as a habitat. Water! Rocks! Air! Sun! Critters: • Fish • Humans • Craw-Fish • Various Bugs Plant-life: • Silver Maple • Red Maple • Beach Trees • Red Oak • Small vegetation • Witch-Hazel Fun time swimming at the Baker River... Temperature - 78℉ in the river. pH –4.75 (very acidic) “The sun, the moon and the stars would have disappeared long ago... had they happened to be within the reach of predatory human hands.”  ~Havelock Ellis, The Dance of Life, 1923

6. What is a river? A river is a large, strongly flowing body of water that contributes to very large bodies of water, such as very large lakes, and oceans and seas. What is the difference between a river and a stream? The difference between the two is that a river is much, much bigger. Why are they important? They are important because they provide habitats to organisms in the area. Why are they important to developing civilizations? They are important because they can provide a lot of hydroelectric power. River q&A

7. Walter Newton (Stream) Walter Newton is a 163-acre environmental sanctuary for various types of organisms. The biotic and abiotic factors are... One example of the environment cooperating is that plants filter CO₂ in to oxygen and is dispersed in to the water for marine life to survive. A few stream observations... Trees: • Silver Maple • Red Maple • Hemlock • Sumac • Balsam Fur • Red Oak • Sugar Maple Sun! Air! • Critters: • FROGS!!! • Fish • Red Spotted Newt • Larva Water! Rocks: • Bedrock Falling In Love With A Frog pH – 5 (very acidic) Temp. - 64℉ “Your grandchildren will likely find it incredible - or even sinful - that you burned up a gallon of gasoline to fetch a pack of cigarettes!”  ~Paul MacCready,Jr.

8. What is a stream? A stream is a small, flowing body of water, usually adding to a larger body of water, such as a lake. Why are they important? They are important because they provide habitats to organisms in the area. What streams did we visit? We visited the Walter Newton Stream / Beaver Stream. Name some organisms from those streams. Some of the critters there were frogs, fish, red spotted newts, and larvae. Stream q&a

9. Walter Newton (Wetland) This ideal place to explore with children is home to many species of biotic organisms and several abiotic features. Some of these features are... One of the many examples of unity between the environment (abiotic) and its organisms is how is how certain organisms eat algae, which uses the sun to make energy to grow. Why so serious? ⇧ • ⇧ ⇧ ⇧ ⇧ ⇧ ⇧ ⇧ Friends just chillin’⇧ Trees: • Silver Maple • Red Maple • Hemlock • Sumac • Balsam Fur • Red Oak • Sugar Maple Sun! Air! • Critters: • FROGS!!! • Fish • Red Spotted Newt • Larva Water! Rocks: • Bedrock pH – 5 (very acidic) Temp. - 78℉ “Economic advance is not the same thing as human progress.” ~John Clapham, A Concise Economic History of Britain, 1957

10. What is a wetland? A wetland is a swampy body of water that is very overgrown with smaller vegetation. Are they important? Yes, they are very important to the animals and the humans that inhabit that area. How might pollution affect them? Pollution might affect them by killing off the organisms that live there, resulting in an unstable balance of nature. Name some of the organisms from them. Some of the organisms there are fish, crayfish, salamanders, bugs, and humans. Wetland q&A

11. Main street ecology Common burdock, also known as lesser burdock, wild rhubarb, clothbur, beggar's buttons or gypsy's rhubarb Flower: Purple flowers on tips of prickly ball of bracts; flower heads are 1 to 3 cm across, composed of purple disc florets surrounded by several rows of overlapping hooked bracts or burs in axil of upper leaves; flower heads occur in clusters at the upper part of the plant. Leaves: 1st year plant produces a basal rosette of leaves up to 1 m; basal leaves are up to 50 cm long and 40 cm wide, white woolly beneath; stem leaves are alternate and reduced in size upwards, are ovate to oblong; reddish stalks, woolly beneath. Stem: Hairy, dull-green; flowering stems appear the second year; thick, hollow, and grooved, tinged with pink. Height: Up to 2 m. See image below. Habitat: Old fields, edges of pastures, roadsides, fence lines, river banks. Interest: Biennial. The botanical name for burdock is Arctium. That name is derived from the Greek word for bear, a reference to the plant's rough burrs. Language of Flowers: Means "urgent" or "touch me not". Source Location: BurwashDate: July 28, 2000 This burdock plant is attempting to survive in a busy environment, a sidewalk to be precise. This plant must deal with pollution, humans, and animals. However, the leaves are practically tasteless, so most creatures don’t eat it. But, as you can see, this plant is doing well for this situation.

12. Bibliography Works Cited Animism, Destroying Pagan. "Environment Quotes, Green Sayings, Ecology, Conservation, Pollution, Etc." The Quote Garden - Quotes, Sayings, Quotations, Verses. Web. 16 July 2010. <http://www.quotegarden.com/environment.html>. "Baker River (New Hampshire)." Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia. Web. 16 July 2010. <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baker_River_(New_Hampshire)>. "Google Image Result for Http://www.ontariowildflower.com/images/common_burdock_plant.jpg." Google. Web. 16 July 2010. <http://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.ontariowildflower.com/images/common_burdock_plant.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.ontariowildflower.com/wildflower_waste.htm&h=441&w=400&sz=38&tbnid=KyMbA_HXDh7O6M:&tbnh=127&tbnw=115&prev=/images?q=burdock+plants&hl=en&usg=__1PZFAV7BaqDyc-LTYExqOVfU2RU=&sa=X&ei=1FlATJvqNYGKlwe-mcDzDg&ved=0CDEQ9QEwAw>. "SummitPost - Rattlesnake Mountain -- Climbing, Hiking & Mountaineering." SummitPost - Climbing, Hiking, Mountaineering. Web. 16 July 2010. <http://www.summitpost.org/mountain/rock/152405/Rattlesnake-Mountain.html>.