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Research Methods in Social Psychology: Correlational vs Experimental Approaches

This chapter discusses the research process steps related to random sampling, random assignment, and the use of correlational and experimental methods in social psychology. It explores the advantages and challenges of each approach and emphasizes the importance of interpreting results accurately.

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Research Methods in Social Psychology: Correlational vs Experimental Approaches

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  1. Chapter 2Research Process Part 2: Jan. 26, 2012

  2. Research Process steps (cont.) • Random sampling and random assignment • RS: • RA: • Results of random sampling example: • Results of random assignment example:

  3. The Correlational Method: determines if two variables are related • Correlation coefficient: Positive, negative, or no correlation? • Cannot make cause-effect conclusions. • Often a third variable can explain relations between 2 variables under study • Example? • Need experiments to determine cause-effect

  4. Experimental Methods: manipulate variables in attempt to examine cause  effect • About 3/4ths of Social Psych research. • Most is done in lab settings. • 2 distinguishing factors: • 1. • 2.

  5. Advantages of Correlational vs. Experimental Research • Adv of Corr Research: • 1) • 2) • Adv of Exp Research: • 1) • 2)

  6. Step 4: Interpreting results • Independent variables: what is manipulated • Examples? • Song lyrics study – • Harassment study – • Dependent variables: observed to determine impact of IV • Examples? • Song lyrics study – • Harassment study -

  7. Subject variables: cannot be manipulated • Examples - • Statistical significance: • Need to determine how likely it is we’d get these results just by chance.

  8. External validity – questions related to whether results will generalize • How can this be assessed? • Problems with convenience samples – • Mundane realism – • Experimental realism - • Internal validity – questions related to whether IV causes effects on the DV • How can this be assessed? • Use of control groups – • Experimenter expectancies -

  9. Deception • Use of deception in some experiments • Types of deception: • Confederates – how are they used? • Benefits of deception? • Ethical concerns?

  10. Ethical Issues • Should reduce stress for the participant • Cost/Benefit analysis – • Institutional Review Board (IRB) approves studies • Must obtain informed consent: • Debriefing after the study:

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