Academic Writing IV

1. Academic Writing IV Spring 2013 Meet twice a week M, W (Sec.201) Monday 2:00-3:50 (3-505) Wednesday 8:00-9:50 (3-516) E-mail: Austin Casey austinkc@hotmail.com Phone: 134 3922 0499 Website: http://austincasey.yolasite.com/ Office Hours: (ICB 319) Wednesday 6-8, Thursday 10-12 1

2. Today: Personal Statements Grammar Review Part 1 Grammar Part 2 Task 1: Practice Homework: Grammar Part 3, Journal 1 , vocabulary/reading 2

3. Important Announcement I will be attending an IELTS Teacher Training Workshop on Mar 12, 13 (Next Week, Tuesday & Wednesday) I will miss the class next Wednesday morning. Please do Journal 1

4. Announcement Around March 18th there will be a representative from Bedfordshire and Plymouth to meet and speak with students. If you want to do post-graduate school in U.K. You will need a professional Personal Statement (PS) and a reference letter. It must be current (updated) and accurate.

5. Grammar Review – N. 6 Types of Nouns: 1. Subjects are what or who a sentence is about The professor teaches. Bill plays. 2. Direct objects receive the action of some verbs The professor teaches biology. Bill plays basketball. 3. Indirect objects answer the questions “for whom”, “to who”, “for what” and “to what?” The professor teaches the class biology. Bill gave John tickets.

6. Grammar Review – N. 4. Subject complements follow linking verbs and describe the subject of a sentence. Used the verb: “is-are-was-were-am” + be became Bananas are yellow (X=Y) The book is thick. 5. Object complements describe a direct object. Can only be used with certain verbs such as “call, make, name, elect, paint, elect”, etc. We nominated the professor Teacher of the Year. We elected Bill class monitor. His coach called Bill a star. They made him embarrassed. They painted the door red Definition: A noun, adjective, or pronoun serving as a complement to a verb and qualifying its direct object, as governor in They elected him governor.

7. Grammar Review – N. 5. An object complement is an noun, pronoun, (or adjective) which follows a direct object and renames it or tells what the direct object has become. It is most often used with verbs of creating or nominating such as make, name, elect, paint, call, etc. We know there is a difference between calling Mayor Williams and calling Williams mayor or painting a red door and painting a door red. When the word follows the direct object and it tells what the direct object has become, it is the object complement. We appointed her treasurer. The carpenter made the window a door. The teacher thought Russel an interesting speaker.

8. Grammar Review – N. 6. Objects of prepositions simply follow prepositions I gave my assignment to the professor. Bessie will sing before a large audience. Fall into darkness. The weather in May. Cheese from France with live bacteria. Bears sleep throughout the winter. Congratulations, I am so happy for you! Alpha was sick until recently.

9. Grammar – Part 2 Answer Key 1. A 9. F 2. B 10. D 3. F 4. C 5. D 6. E 7. B 8. E

10. Grammar – Part 2 Practice Take out a piece of paper and make your own sentences #1-6. Make one sentence for each noun type. Underline the noun. Label them A-F Ex: A. The bear caught salmon from the river. A B F

11. Pronouns Pronouns are simply used to replace nouns. Therefore they have all the same functions as nouns.

12. Part 3 - Verbs *A verb is a word that shows either action (action verbs) or state of being (linking verbs) *It is essential to identify verbs and classify them in order to determine the function of other elements in the sentence

13. Part 3 – Action Verbs *Action verbs show action or activity, though they often do not involve physical motion We slept all morning. Bill considered the idea carefully. The children jumped up and down on the trampoline. *Action verbs can be transitive or intransitive Kelly kicked the ball. (“Kicked” is a transitive verb; it is followed by the direct object “ball”.) Chris laughed. (“Laughed” is an intransitive verb; it is not followed by an object.)

14. Part 3 – Linking Verbs *Linking verbs connect the subject of a sentence with a subject complement A subject complement is a noun or adjective that describes the subject of a sentence Sam is my friend. (“Friend” is a noun describing Sam.) Sam seems happy. (“Happy” is an adjective describing Sam.) With the verb “to be”, the subject complement can also be an adverb of time or place Sam is here. (“Here” is an adverb of place.) The play is tomorrow. (“Tomorrow” is an adverb of time.)

15. Part 3 – Linking Verbs “To be” is the most common linking verb, but other verbs can also function as linking verbs: Linking verbs by themselves cannot complete the thought of a sentence and must be followed by a subject complement

16. Transitive & Intransitive Verbs Transitive v = action v (it needs a direct object) Intransitive v = can be action but does not have a direct object. Direct objects are words that receive the action of the verb. Some verbs have direct objects and others do not. If the verb has a direct object, it is transitive. If it does not, it is intransitive.

17. Transitive & Intransitive Verbs To determine whether a verb has a direct object, Ask: whom or what after it Example: He wrote the manuscript. The verb is wrote. Ask yourself: He wrote (what) Answer: The manuscript is the direct object. Therefore wrote is a transitive verb.

18. Transitive & Intransitive Verbs 1. The dog shook his tail. The verb is shook. Ask yourself: The dog shook (what) Answer: Tail is the direct object. Therefore shook is a transitive verb. 2. The judge sentenced the man to 5 years in prison. 3. The attorney has revealed the bad news. 4. The accused man could not provide evidence.

19. Transitive & Intransitive Verbs Prosecutors chargepeople. The knife’s sharp edge cut the chef. Law enforcement had previously convicted the man. Prosecutors charged him under a special law. The criminal faced 5 years in a state prison. The criminal finally escaped....

20. Transitive & Intransitive Verbs Mrs. Carper applauded. The verb is applauded. Ask yourself: Applauded (whom or what?) Answer: There is no word to receive the action of the verb applauded and no direct object. Therefore applauded is an intransitive verb.

21. Transitive & Intransitive Verbs Intransitive v = can be action but does not have a direct object. The action ends rather than being transferred to some person or object or is modified by an adverb or adverb phrase.

22. Transitive & Intransitive Verbs The dog shook. The verb is shook. Ask yourself: Shook (whom or what?) Answer: There is no word to receive the action of the verb shook and no direct object. Therefore shook is an intransitive verb.

23. Transitive & Intransitive Verbs Intransitive can be followed by adv or prepositions The man decidedagainst a plea bargain. (The man is the subject) What did he do? (decided) in what particular way? (against) Notice that (against a plea bargain) is a prepositional phrase. He refusedbecause of his immaturity, not his lack of morals.

24. Transitive & Intransitive Verbs Alice complained bitterly. (Notice that this sentence ends with an adverb.) At the end of the Roaring ’20s, the incarceration index rose slightly. (identify the intransitive verb and its modifier) When faced with the problem, the scholar paused.

25. Transitive & Intransitive Verbs To find the intransitive: Ask whether or not the action is done is some way, in some direction, or to some degree. (Notice, this sounds like the function of an adverb!)

26. Prepositions & Adverbs The adverb or prepositional phrase answers a question about the verb: The subject did something WHERE? If Charlie had runinto the street, he would have been injured. In 1973, the incarceration number inched upward.

27. Prepositions & Adverbs The subject did something WHEN? Thousands of cranes will returnin the spring. The number climbedin 1974 and in 1975. Try this one: Walter Payton died near the end of the century. The company’s leader collapsed during the meeting.

28. Prepositions & Adverbs The subject did something HOW or TO WHAT DEGREE? The statistics comein any form you like. Politicians and the public are complainingloudly. Try these: His blood pressure kept climbing steadily. She worked with care and precision.

29. Prepositions & Adverbs The subject did something WHY? Our elected officials listenbecause we vote. Dana’s grades improvedwith the help of a tutor. Try these: Germany’s expedition leader collapsed from the effort. Elise competed for her family.

30. Linking Verbs A linking verb implies a state of being or condition for the subject, not action. It links the subject to a noun, pronoun, or adjective in a sentence. Linking verbs restate the subject or they may be equivalent to the subject.

31. Linking Verbs The test indicates that Sara is a genius. is = linking verb Toni Morrison was able to win the Nobel Peace Prize. 1.Roads were a slushy mess on Sunday along parts of the East Coast. 2. It was an ominous evening. 3. The victim pointed and told police, “That is the robber who stole my computer.” 4. Before the English speech competition, Bill seemed nervous.

32. Common Linking Verbs: Appear, prove, become, remain, feel, seem, get, smell, grow, sound, sit, taste, look, turn, feel, look, prove, remain Linking verbs are always intransitive. They do not express action. The Monarchs are the winners. They seem happy about their victory. The team is in first place now.

33. Many verbs can be linking, transitive, or intransitive depending on their function. Examples: Linking: The nation’s mood turned sour. (The subject is not engaged in an action. Turned links mood with a state of being– sour. Transitive: The judge turned the pages quickly. (The subject was engaged in the action (turned) and that action was transferred to an object (pages) Intransitive The lawyer turned suddenly toward the back of the courtroom. The subject was engaged in an action (turned) and that action was done in a particular way (suddenly) but not to someone or something.

34. More examples Many verbs can be either transitive or intransitive Transitive: The crowd cheered the batter. Intransitive: People cheered wildly. Ask your self whom or what after the verb. If there is no answer than the verb is intransitive.

35. Extra Sometimes the modifiers following a linking verb may answer the question “what” as a direct object does for a transitive verb, they do not receive any action. In federal courts nowadays, every sentence is the same. (We can ask: Every sentence is what? and the answer is THE SAME. But “the same” is not receiving the action of the verb as with a transitive verb. Same is restating or indicating the state of being of SENTENCE.

36. Extra Female inmates are the fastest-growing subpopulation in prison. (Inmates are what? Answer: subpopulation. But the “subpopulation” is not being acted upon, it is reinstating or indicating the state of being of the WOMEN.)

37. Grammar Part 3 - Task Work on Part 3 of the Grammar Handout #1-10

38. You should spend about 20 minutes on this task. The table below shows the number of medals won by the top ten countries in the London 2012 Olympic Games. Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant. Write at least 150 words.

39. Citing Sources: Guide to MLA Style MLA is a style of citing sources (another is APA). MLA =Modern Language Association MLA is a popular and simple way to cite sources. In the back of your book (AW Appendix E p.303) p.310 Works Cited 39

40. MLA p.310-311 This is how to make your Works Cited page (some books call it a reference page). It is an extra page, that is separate from your essay It tells us where you got your information 40

41. Book by One Author Last Name, First Name. Title. Place: Publisher, Date. Philbrick, Nathaniel. In the Heart of the Sea: The Tragedy of the Whaleship Essex. New York: Viking Press, 2000. 41

42. Book by Two or More Authors Last Name, First Name, and First Name Last Name. Title. Place: Publisher, Date. Stephenson, Neal, and Edward Burns. The Diamond Age. New York: Bantam Spectra, 1995. 42

43. Magazine Article Last Name, First Name. “Title” Magazine Name Day Month. Year: Pages. Kalb, Claudia. “California Redwoods.” National Geographic 26 Sept. 2012: 45-52 43

44. Film Title. Director, Producer, or Writer Name (normal English order). Company, Year. Roman Holiday. Dir. William Wyler. Paramount Pictures, 1953. 44

45. Article from Website Author (last name, first name) “Article.” Title. Year (last update). Day Month Year (when you went there) <link> Spiner, Brent “As a Droid.” Starfleet Dreams. Internet Resources. 2011. 19 February. 2013 <http://brent.spiner.com/chasingmydreams.html>. 45

46. Paraphrasing Mention the authors full name: Scott Smith identified… Several researchers such as Anthony Li, Greg Jacobs, and James Duck reported… At the end of the paragraphput the Author’s last name and page number: (West 47). 46

47. Make it simple: I want it to look like this: In his book Physics for Future Presidents, Richard Muller writes that we must overcome political differences and understand the science to make a better future. “I think the president has to understand the physics to make correct decisions”. (Muller p.76) Works Cited / Reference Page: Muller, Richard. Physics for Future Presidents. Berkeley, California: Berkeley Books, 2010. 47

48. Vocabulary Chapter 6 p.51

49. Narrative Essay: Outline Plot Diagram:

50. Diagram of a plot Climax Series of events/Rising Action Resolution/ Denouement Basic situation