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Wave Properties, continued

Section 2 Characteristics of Waves. Chapter 14. Wave Properties, continued. Wavelength measures the distance between two equivalent parts of a wave. The wavelength is the distance from any point on a wave to an identical point on the next wave.

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Wave Properties, continued

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  1. Section 2 Characteristics of Waves Chapter 14 Wave Properties, continued • Wavelength measures the distance between two equivalent parts of a wave. • Thewavelength isthe distance from any point on a wave to an identical point on the next wave. • Not all waves have a single wavelength that is easy to measure. • Wavelength is represented by the Greek letter lambda, .

  2. Section 2 Characteristics of Waves Chapter 14 Wave Properties, continued • The period measures how long it takes for waves to pass by. • The period isthe time that it takes a complete cycle or wave oscillation to occur. • The period is represented by the symbol T. • Frequency measures the rate of vibrations. • Thefrequency is the number of cycles or vibrations per unit of time. • The symbol for frequency isf. • The SI unit for measuring frequency is hertz.

  3. Section 2 Characteristics of Waves Chapter 14 Frequency

  4. Section 2 Characteristics of Waves Chapter 14 Wave Period of Ocean Waves

  5. Section 2 Characteristics of Waves Chapter 14 Wave Properties, continued • The frequency and period of a wave are related. • The frequency is the inverse of the period.

  6. Section 2 Characteristics of Waves Chapter 14 Wave Speed • Wave speed equals frequency times wavelength.

  7. Section 2 Characteristics of Waves Chapter 14 Equation for the Speed of a Wave

  8. Section 2 Characteristics of Waves Chapter 14 Math Skills • Wave Speed The string of a piano that produces the note middle C vibrates with a frequency of 264 Hz. If the sound waves produced by this string have a wavelength in air of 1.30 m, what is the speed of sound in air? • List the given and unknown values. Given:frequency, f = 264 Hz wavelength, = 1.30 m Unknown:wave speed, = ? m/s

  9. Section 2 Characteristics of Waves Chapter 14 Math Skills, continued • Write the equation for wave speed. • = f  • Insert the known values into the equation, and solve.  = 264 Hz  1.30 m = 264 s−1  1.30 m  = 343 m/s

  10. Section 2 Characteristics of Waves Chapter 14 Wave Speed, continued • The speed of a wave depends on the medium. • In a given medium, though, the speed of waves is constant; it does not depend on the frequency of the wave. • Kinetic theory explains differences in wave speed. • The arrangement of particles in a medium determines how well waves travel through it. • In gases, the molecules are far apart and move around randomly. Waves don’t travel as fast in gases.

  11. Section 2 Characteristics of Waves Chapter 14 Wave Speed, continued • In liquids, such as water, the molecules are much closer together. But they are also free to slide past one another. • In a solid, molecules are not only closer together but also tightly bound to each other. Waves travel very quickly through most solids. • Light has a finite speed. • All electromagnetic waves in empty space travel at the same speed, the speed of light, which is • 3.00  108 m/s (186 000 mi/s). • Light travels slower when it has to pass through a medium such as air or water.

  12. Section 2 Characteristics of Waves Chapter 14 Doppler Effect • Pitch is determined by the frequency of sound waves. • Thepitch of a sound, how high or low it is, is determined by the frequency at which sound waves strike the eardrum in your ear. • A higher-pitched sound is caused by sound waves of higher frequency. • Frequency changes when the source of waves is moving. • TheDoppler effect is an observed change in the frequency of a wave when the source or observer is moving.

  13. Section 2 Characteristics of Waves Chapter 14 Doppler Effect and Sound

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