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Irish Scholarly Resources: Digitisation, Access, and Context:

Irish Scholarly Resources: Digitisation, Access, and Context: 2. Making Contextual Resources Accessible for Digital Resources -- ecai.org/neh2007 Michael Buckland Electronic Cultural Atlas Initiative and School of Information, Univ. of California, Berkeley

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Irish Scholarly Resources: Digitisation, Access, and Context:

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  1. Irish Scholarly Resources: Digitisation, Access, and Context: 2. Making Contextual Resources Accessible for Digital Resources -- ecai.org/neh2007 Michael Buckland Electronic Cultural Atlas Initiative and School of Information, Univ. of California, Berkeley Work supported by the Institute for Museum and Library Studies and by the National Endowment for the Humanities. CNI-JISC-UKOLN, Belfast

  2. Five ideas about use of digital corpora. . . . 1. Understanding requires knowing the context. Context determines understanding! CNI-JISC-UKOLN, Belfast

  3. Five ideas about use of digital corpora. . . . • 1. Understanding requires knowing the context. • 2. Using Internet resources should be like using a library reference collection – and as easy and as reliable. • 3. Design: Find the context of any document, word, name, museum object, or event: What is related to it in what it is, where it came from, when it originated, and who is associated with it? • WHAT, WHERE, WHEN, and WHO (“4W”) as a structure. • Make better use of existing descriptive metadata. CNI-JISC-UKOLN, Belfast

  4. Context and relationships: Ireland and Irish Studies – ecai.org/neh2007 Any word, name, document, or event Connect it with its context – and other resources. Facet Vocabulary Displays WHAT Thesaurus Cross- e.g. LCSH references WHERE Gazetteer Map WHEN Period directory Timeline WHO Biograph. dict. Personal e.g. Who’s Who relations Any catalog: Archives, Libraries, Museums, TV, Publishers Any resource: Audio, Images, Texts, Numeric data, Objects, Virtual reality, Webpages CNI-JISC-UKOLN, Belfast

  5. Kung fu movies SEE Martial Arts films FORMERLY Hand-to-hand fighting, oriental, in motion pictures WHAT Subject headings Cross-references in & between vocabularies “Automobile” in four dialects: - PASS MOT VEH, SPARK IGN ENG (U.S. Import/Export statistics) - TL 205 (Library of Congress Classification) - 180/280 (US Patent classification) - 3711 (Standard Industrial Classification) NEED TO MAP TO & BETWEEN UNFAMILIAR VOCABULARIES “HS 847120 Digital auto data proc mach contng in the same housing a CPU and input & output device.”(International Harmonized Commodity Classification System). = Computer! CNI-JISC-UKOLN, Belfast

  6. WHEN? What happened in IRELAND in 1690s? Time Period Directory records in Google Earth. Zoom to Ireland and 1690s. Icon for siege of Limerick, 1690. Click link for library search. Catalog records list books and show context. CNI-JISC-UKOLN, Belfast

  7. WHEREPlace name gazetteer Map Dots link to portal Ctesiphon (Ancient site) CNI-JISC-UKOLN, Belfast

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  9. WHOBiographical Dictionary Complex relationships Life events metadata WHAT: Actions prisoner WHERE: Places Holstein WHEN: Times 1261-1262 WHO: People Margaret Sambiria But ideally we need external links to the best resources! Current project: Context finding for biographical texts. Example: Electronic search engine pioneer. CNI-JISC-UKOLN, Belfast

  10. Emanuel Goldberg, b. Moscow, 1881; son of Grigorii Goldberg; Univ. of Moscow, 1900-04; Ph.D w. Robert Luther, Leipzig Univ., 1906; Assistant, Adolf Miethe, TU Charlottenburg, 1906-07; Prof, Akad. f. graphische Künste, Leipzig, 1907-17; ICA, Zeiss Ikon, Dresden, 1917-1933; Kinamo cine camera, 1921; microdots, 1925; search engine, 1927; Contax 35 mm camera 1932; kidnapped by Nazi SA; refugee in Paris, 1933-37; Laboratory, Palestine, Israel, 1937; d. 1970. WHO? Click a name to search for an internet resource. CNI-JISC-UKOLN, Belfast

  11. Emanuel Goldberg, b. Moscow, 1881; son of Grigorii Goldberg; Univ. of Moscow, 1900-04; Ph.D w. Robert Luther, Leipzig Univ., 1906; Assistant, Adolf Miethe, TU Charlottenburg, 1906-07; Prof, Akad. f. graphische Künste, Leipzig, 1907-17; ICA, Zeiss Ikon, Dresden, 1917-1933; Kinamo cine camera, 1921; microdots, 1925; search engine, 1927; Contax 35 mm camera 1932; kidnapped by Nazi SA; refugee in Paris, 1933-37; Laboratory, Palestine, Israel, 1937; d. 1970. WHERE? Trace a life-path. CNI-JISC-UKOLN, Belfast

  12. Emanuel Goldberg, b. Moscow, 1881; son of Grigorii Goldberg; Univ. of Moscow, 1900-04; Ph.D w. Robert Luther, Leipzig Univ., 1906; Assistant, Adolf Miethe, TU Charlottenburg, 1906-07; Prof, Akad. f. graphische Künste, Leipzig, 1907-17; ICA, Zeiss Ikon, Dresden, 1917-1933; Kinamo cine camera, 1921; microdots, 1925; search engine, 1927; Contax 35 mm camera 1932; kidnapped by Nazi SA; refugee in Paris, 1933-37; Laboratory, Palestine, Israel, 1937; d. 1970. WHAT? CNI-JISC-UKOLN, Belfast

  13. Initial sketch for “Context Finding / Building” interface. Save search path Save link & notes as “stand-off” markup. Save link & notes as embedded mark-up. Insert / block text Ranked lists of suggested resources for each facet chosen Define facet Display of search result CNI-JISC-UKOLN, Belfast

  14. Scanned text Named Entities Name finder CNI-JISC-UKOLN, Belfast

  15. Hovering over a named entity highlights the areas where it appears in the text. CNI-JISC-UKOLN, Belfast

  16. Named entities are linked to specific resources or dynamic searches over relevant databases. CNI-JISC-UKOLN, Belfast

  17. Initially, named entities are linked to keyword searches at the appropriate name authorities and metadata services. Here we see a number of possible candidates for “Henry V”. CNI-JISC-UKOLN, Belfast

  18. When editing an entity, the user can disambiguate it by linking it to a specific record from a naming authority. Here, the user is specifying that this instance of “Henry V” refers to “Henry V King of England 1387-1422”. CNI-JISC-UKOLN, Belfast

  19. Now that it has been disambiguated, the named entity links directly to the appropriate record. CNI-JISC-UKOLN, Belfast

  20. Named entities not detected automatically can be added manually. CNI-JISC-UKOLN, Belfast

  21. Edmund Hogan’s Onomasticon Goedelicum : Locorum et Tribuum Hiberniae et Scotiae = An Index, with Identifications, to the Gaelic Names of Places and Tribes If searchable online, one could, when reading an Irish studies text: 1. Search it (Context finder) 2. Markup text with links to it (Context builder); 3. Markup Hogan with reverse links to the Irish studies text (Context provider) – with rich consequences. CNI-JISC-UKOLN, Belfast

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  25. Links create infrastructure CNI-JISC-UKOLN, Belfast

  26. The reference library is needed in the digital library environment. Paper-based reference collection: Codex determines structure and use. Reference Genre Vocabulary Displays Facet Dictionary, encyclopedia Topics Cross-refs WHAT Atlas, gazetteer Places Maps WHERE Almanac, chronology Time Timelines WHEN Biogr. Dict., Who’s Who Persons Personal relationshipsWHO Reversed in a digital environment: Metadata forms infrastructure. Facet Vocabulary Displays Reference Genre WHAT Topics Cross-references Dictionary, Encyclopedia WHERE Places Maps Atlas, gazetteer WHEN Periods Timeline Almanac, Chronology WHO Persons Personal relationships Biogr.dictionary, Whos Who CNI-JISC-UKOLN, Belfast

  27. Conclusion: -- The context finder supports reference queries; -- The context builder prompts reference queries; -- The context provider develops a reference environment far richer than could be provided on paper; -- These tools would empower users and well as reference librarians -- . . . and editors, publishers, and everyone else -- . . . even from laptops in dorms from 9 p.m. to 5 a.m. -- This approach should work with any digital corpus CNI-JISC-UKOLN, Belfast

  28. Context and relationships: Ireland and Irish Studies -- ecai.org/neh2007 Any word, name, document, or event Connect it with its context – and other resources. Facet Vocabulary Displays WHAT Thesaurus Cross- e.g. LCSH references WHERE Gazetteer Map WHEN Period directory Timeline WHO Biograph. dict. Personal e.g. Who’s Who relations Any catalog: Archives, Libraries, Museums, TV, Publishers Any resource: Audio, Images, Texts, Numeric data, Objects, Virtual reality, Webpages CNI-JISC-UKOLN, Belfast

  29. We gratefully acknowledge the support of the Institute for Museum and Library Services and the National Endowment for the Humanities. - Support for the learner: What, Where, When and Who. (IMLS) http://ecai.org/imls2004 - Bringing lives to light: Biography in context. (IMLS) http://ecai.org/imls2006 - Context and relationships: Ireland and Irish studies. (NEH & IMLS) http://ecai.org/neh2007 CNI-JISC-UKOLN, Belfast

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