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The Hebrews and Judaism

The Hebrews and Judaism. CHAPTER 2 SECTION 3. Key Terms. Judaism Torah Abraham Covenant Patriarch Moses Exodus Diaspora Monotheism . The Early Hebrews. Nomadic pastoralists 2000-1500BC in Fertile Crescent Judaism- laws and requirements of their religion

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The Hebrews and Judaism

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  1. The Hebrews and Judaism CHAPTER 2 SECTION 3

  2. Key Terms • Judaism • Torah • Abraham • Covenant • Patriarch • Moses • Exodus • Diaspora • Monotheism

  3. The Early Hebrews • Nomadic pastoralists • 2000-1500BC in Fertile Crescent • Judaism- laws and requirements of their religion • Later formed the Hebrew and Christian Bible

  4. The Early Hebrews • The Hebrew Fathers • Torah • The five books of early Hebrew history • Abraham- shepherd in Ur • God told Abraham to leave Mesopotamia • Covenant-promised to lead Abraham to a new land

  5. The Early Hebrews • Canaan- was the promised land • Abraham • Jacob was his grandson • Had 12 sons • Ancestors of the 12 tribes • Jacob called Israel • Became the Israelites

  6. The Early Hebrews • Patriarch- ancestral father • Israelites and modern Jews Consider • Abraham • His son Isaac • Isaac's son Jacob • Israelites left Canaan for Egypt • lived well • Later became slaves

  7. Moses and the Exodus • Bitter toil as slaves • Moses • Born of an Israelite • Raised in Pharaoh's palace • God spoke to him • Went to Pharaoh for release • Pharaoh refused

  8. Moses and the Exodus • Series of plagues hit Egypt • Exodus-Moses lead Israelites out of Egypt • Proved God loved them • Passover- special meal in the spring • Wandered desert for years

  9. Moses and the Exodus • Sinai Mountain • God gave Moses the ten commandments • States only God exists • Importance of self control • Israelis made a new covenant • Major influence on Western civilization

  10. The Promised Land • Israelites wandered the desert for 40 years • Land of milk and honey • Israelites battled to win back Canaan • Now called Israel

  11. Kingdom of Israel • Settled in scattered communities • Organized by the 12 tribes • Deborah most effective judges said the Bible • Prophets carried the message of faith

  12. Saul, David, Solomon • 1000BC Philistines attacked • Saul- first king, good fighter • David • Second king • People loved him • Strong king • Israel grew • Jerusalem became the capitol

  13. Saul, David, Solomon • Solomon • Israel reached its height • Praised for his wisdom • Traded with other powers • Became very rich • Built a magnificent temple

  14. Division and Conquest • After Solomon’s death • Ten tribes formed Israel • Two tribes formed Judah • Israel fell to the Assyrians • Judah to the Chaldeans • Destroyed the temple • Brought thousands of Jews to Babylon • Diaspora-the scattering of the Jews outside Judah

  15. Teachings of Judaism • Belief in One God • Monotheistic • Most ancient world was not • World’s first monotheistic religion

  16. Justice and Righteousness • Treating people with kindness • Doing what is right • Emphasis on righteousness • Strong code of ethics • This tradition later carried to Christianity • Judeo-Christian Ethic

  17. Obedience to Law • Most important laws • Ten commandments • Mosaic Law • Guides many areas of Jewish life • How and when to worship • Limits the food eaten • How foods are prepared • Today food prepared this way is called kosher

  18. Jewish Sacred Texts • Most sacred is the Torah • First part of Hebrew Bible • Early prophets • Writing that contain lessons • Talmud • Written over the centuries • Explains and interprets other texts • Helps Jews stay united

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