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The Union of Scotland and England: Analyzing Key Arguments For and Against

This analysis explores the multifaceted arguments for and against the Union of Scotland and England, focusing on economic, political, religious, social, and succession themes. Proponents, such as John Clerk and Daniel Defoe, argued that the Union would bolster Scotland's economy and provide safety against political threats. Opponents, including Andrew Fletcher of Saltoun, feared loss of sovereignty, identity, and legal rights. The discourse highlights the complex interplay of interests leading to the 1707 Union, reflecting on its lasting impact on Scottish society.

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The Union of Scotland and England: Analyzing Key Arguments For and Against

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Presentation Transcript

  1. ARGUMENTS FOR & AGAINST

  2. KEY THEMES • Economic • Political • Religious • Succession • Social

  3. KEY PEOPLE • John Clerk of Penicuik: PRO-UNION for economic reasons. • John Ker, 5th earl of Roxburghe : PRO-UNION for Personal interests. • Daniel Defoe: An English Spy in Scotland, sent to promote the union. Been recognised as ‘England’s chief pamphleteer of the Union of 1707’. • Defoe presented the Union as the only way to end age-old warring.

  4. KEY PEOPLE • SquadroneVolante: Political group PRO-UNION. Many members had invested heavily in Darien and believed they would receive compensation for their losses upon full union with England.

  5. FOCUS: SCOTLAND You will each have information sheets from which you will complete a chart. • MUST have a development e.g. example/ explanation with each point. • Aim for AT LEAST 2 points per theme. • Key idea: WHY SCOTLAND WAS FOR/AGAINST THE UNION.

  6. FOR UNION Economic: • Union would help Scotland’s poor economy. Darien had made Scotland poor. End to Navigation Acts – Scotland could trade with English colonies. • Empire – English links.

  7. FOR UNION Political • Offered additional support in case of political threat to nation. • Equal treatment in parliament – could lead to equal trade. • English army at the border – political pressure in terms of threat of invasion.

  8. FOR UNION Social • Farmers losing homes. Stable economic background. • Personal Gain: John Ker of Roxburghewas given a Dukedom. But shouldn’t regard it as bribery.

  9. FOR UNION Religious • Many Scots afraid of Popery – threat of this reduced. • Act of Settlement – ensure no Roman Catholic monarch.

  10. FOR UNION Succession • Hanoverian succession would secure Scottish Protestantism – no Catholic monarch. • Wouldn’t go back to the Stuarts.

  11. AGAINST UNION Economic • Taxes may increase. • English trade would be favoured over Scottish – leaving Scottish economy as it was; no development. E.G. Darien. English unwilling to fund it in case it was detrimental to their trade. • Scottish trade was different to England’s. This wouldn’t be given thought in a joint parliament. • Some feared ruin of Scottish manufacturing industry due to difficulties in competing with those of England. • Scottish people feared they would lose out on trade in Europe.

  12. AGAINST UNION Political • People felt that independent sovereignty would be sacrificed. • Commissioners thought the Claim of Right would be undermined by the relationship between the British parliament and the crown. • Landowners feared reduction in status of Scottish nobility in new British parliament. • Representation in parliament was proportional to size, therefore, Scotland would have a smaller number of MPs than England. Fear that Scotland’s voice wouldn’t be heard & issues overlooked.

  13. AGAINST UNION Social • Threat to Scotland’s legal system & liberties • Loss of Scots identity • Anglo-phobia: hatred/dislike of English demonstrated in pamphlets.

  14. AGAINST UNION Religious • Didn’t want changes made to Scottish church system. • Most in favour of Episcopalian (last resort) • Jacobites: wanted Stuarts back. Full union would stop this from happening.

  15. AGAINST UNION Succession • Link back to Jacobite issue.

  16. FULL V FEDERAL FULL - Concerns: • Increase in tax • Competition for trade • Loss of sovereignty • Loss of national identity • Loss of laws & liberties • 91 petitions against full union. FEDERAL –Attractions: • Keep Parliament, laws and church • Co-operation & agreement would exist in terms of trade etc.

  17. KEY PERSON ANTI-UNION: Andrew Fletcher of Saltoun • Wanted Scottish Parliament to have greater powers & the monarchy and nobility to have less. • He viewed Alien Act as an abuse of royal powers • He proposed 12 Limitations on royal & noble powers • He supported Act of Security etc.

  18. ARGUMENTS FOR & AGAINST ENGLAND

  19. ENGLAND • Important to remember that England was initially hostile to a closer union with Scotland. • Tory Leader, Edward Seymour (1700) described Scotland as a ‘blood sucking louse’. • The English rejected FOUR Scottish approaches for a closer union between 1660-1702. USE THIS IN AN ANSWER!!!!

  20. ENGLAND: FOR? • MILITARY • ECONOMIC • POLITICAL

  21. ENGLAND: FOR?

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