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Enhancing Cognitive Processing: Working Memory and Long-Term Memory in Design

This document explores the fundamental principles of cognition, focusing on information processing models related to selective attention and perception. It discusses working memory, highlighting its limits, capacity, and strategies for minimizing cognitive load. Long-term memory mechanisms, including schemas and cognitive maps, are also examined. Practical implications for design are provided, emphasizing the importance of organization and memory aids. The role of situation awareness in problem-solving, planning, and managing mental effort is addressed, offering insights into optimizing cognitive performance in various contexts.

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Enhancing Cognitive Processing: Working Memory and Long-Term Memory in Design

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Presentation Transcript

  1. 6. Cognition

  2. INFORMATION PROCESSING MODELS

  3. Selective attention

  4. perception

  5. Three Perceptual Processes • Human Factors Guidelines

  6. WORKING MEMORY

  7. A Model of Working Memory • Limits of Working Memory • Capacity • Time • Confusability and Similarity • Attention and Similarity

  8. HF Implications of WM Limits • Minimize working memory load • Provide visual echoes • Provide placeholders for sequential tasks • Exploit chunking • Minimize confusability • Avoid unnecessary zeros in codes to be remembered • Consider WM limits in instructions

  9. LONG-TERM MEMORY

  10. Basic Mechanisms • Strength • Associations • WM and LTM • Forgetting

  11. Organization of Info in LTM • Schemas and Scripts • Mental Models • Cognitive Maps • LTM Implications for Design • Episodic Memory for Events • Prospective Memory for Future Events

  12. SITUATION AWARENESS

  13. Problem solving and troubleshooting

  14. Planning and scheduling

  15. Metacognition and effort

  16. Attention and time-sharing

  17. Mental Effort and Resource Demand • Structural Similarity • Confusion • Task Management and Interruptions • Addressing Time-Sharing Overload

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