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Review Exam II

Review Exam II. Cambodia Thailand Myanmar. Exam II. 40 points 2 slides (subject, date, period date, country, facts) Comparison and contrast (2 slides) Focus: periods between 12th-14th centuries, religious concepts, historical information, architectural techniques, media. Religion.

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Review Exam II

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  1. Review Exam II Cambodia Thailand Myanmar

  2. Exam II • 40 points • 2 slides (subject, date, period date, country, facts) • Comparison and contrast (2 slides) • Focus: periods between 12th-14th centuries, religious concepts, historical information, architectural techniques, media

  3. Religion • Thailand and Burma (12th-14th): Theravada Buddhism: art focuses on life of the Buddha • Cambodia: Hinduism and Mahayana Buddhism; Hindu art: Siva and Vishnu, the Churning of the Sea of Milk, historical events; Mahayana art: Buddha protected by Nagahoods, Lokesvara, and Prajnaparamita • Animistic practices

  4. Angkor Wat • King Suryavarman II (c. 1112-1150 CE) • Hindu temple, facing West (direction of death), associates with Vishnu • It symbolizes the center of the universe, Mount Meru • The moat symbolizes the oceans surrounding the earth • The succession of concentric galleries represent the mountain ranges that surround Mount Meru • The towers (Gopura) represent the mountain’s peaks • It was converted to Theravada temple in the 15th century

  5. 3.29 Angkor Wat, early 12th century

  6. The Bayon temple • Built during the reign of King Jayavarman VII (late 12th to 13th centuries) • Temple facing East and West direction • It is built in Greek cross plan; the main shrine is circular in shape and has 12 subsidiary chapels radiating out from it. • There were 49 towers (only 37 are standing); each has four colossal heads, dominate the four quarters of the world • The main temple is surrounded by rectangular roofed galleries which are punctuated by towers at the corners and at the center of each side; at ground level, outer closure,, is surrounded by a a gallery with corner pavilions and gopuras • Between 2nd and 3rd enclosure are 16 large chapels where Buddhist deities were housed.

  7. The Bayon temple • At the S gate is a bridge that represents the churning of the Sea of Milk; Naga represents rainbow and bridge of heaven; crossing from the world of man to the world of gods

  8. Thai Art • Sukhothai (13th-15th centuries): Walking Buddha, the Descent from Heaven, and Buddhist painting Thai Buddha images: sitting, standing, walking, and reclining • Most popular hand gestures: earth-touching hand gesture and meditation • Follows the 32 major characteristics and 80 minor characteristics • Media: stone, brick and stucco, bronze

  9. 159 Seated Buddha in earth-touching hand gesture, Sukhothai, 14th century

  10. 158 Walking Buddha, Sukhothai, 14th century

  11. 161 Birth scene of the Buddha, Ayutthaya, 1776

  12. Ananda Temple • Built during the reign of King Kyanzittha (r. 1084-1111) • Greek Crossed (Cruciform) plan; square shape; topped with a tapering pagoda (172 feet from the base) • Four standing Buddhas; each enshrined in a nich • Interior has life scenes of the Buddha (389 scenes) and last ten jatakas

  13. Colossal Buddha image, Ananda temple

  14. Andagu Tablet

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