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Basic Electrical Principles

Basic Electrical Principles. Key word here is BASIC. A fter this lesson you will not be able to hotwire a car or build a circuit board Electricity like pneumatics and hydraulics has to do with the transfer of energy through the use of power or force. God made Atom.

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Basic Electrical Principles

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  1. Basic Electrical Principles

  2. Key word here is BASIC • After this lesson you will not be able to hotwire a car or build a circuit board • Electricity like pneumatics and hydraulics has to do with the transfer of energy through the use of power or force.

  3. God made Atom • The atom is the smallest particle of any matter that is able to exhibit the characteristics of that matter. • It is made up of subatomic particles which are Protons Neutrons and Electrons • The electrons spin around the nucleus made up of protons and neutron by means of energy that is naturally contained inside the atom

  4. Fleeting Electrons • Heat in its purest form is Energy or vice versa • As we add heat to an atom the electrons move faster and faster until the force holding these electrons close into the nucleus brakes down and leaves the opportunity for electrons to look elsewhere. • Electrons may also leave if they are far away from the nucleus and therefore loosely held

  5. Conductors and Insulators • Now that we know electrons can stray, what occurs if they do. • If an electron strays from a balanced atom (equal protons and neutrons) the atom is a positive ion • Materials which will routinely give up give up there electrons are called conductors and materials that do not give them up are called insulators • Metals are excellent conductors

  6. Electromotive Force • Remember high pressure flows to low pressure? • The same applies to sub atomic particles, an electron rich area will yield electrons to an electron deficient area. • We call this electromotive force or EMF • We use this everyday when we put a battery into anything. Region of Electron Deficiency Electron Flow Region of Excess Electrons

  7. Electron Flow • A couples things happen when these electrons get moving. • Magnetic Fields form • Electric fields form • The greater the amount of flow the stronger the fields will be • Resistance as properly names resists their flow, the resistance of there flow creates heat

  8. So which way does it go • This maybe hard to believe but there is still a slight disagreement between which way electrons actually flow. • Conventional theory which is purported to be wrong, state we go from positive to negative. • Electron flow theory which truthfully makes more sense states we go from negative to positive • Although seemingly a big deal we learn that the direction of flow is not as important as we might believe.

  9. Units of ElectricalMeasurement • Coulomb – (C) the smallest measurable amount of electrons. 1 coulomb equals 628 billion billion electrons. Yes that is 6.28 X 1018 • Flow – (I) when one coulomb flows past a point in one second there is a flow of one amp. The rate of electron flow is current and it is expressed as amps or I. • Resistance –(R) The opposition to current flow. It is the resistance through which one volt can force a flow of one amp.

  10. Continued • Volt (V or E) the unit of electrical pressure. It is the amount of pressure required to force one amp of flow through one ohm of resistance. • Power – (P) – the end result of practical electricity. The amount of energy dissipated as one amp of current flows under the pressure of one volt. This is expressed in Watts.

  11. What does it mean? • It is easiest to show there relationship through Ohm’s law. The essential means of showing how current will flow in a circuit and be balanced. P

  12. Basic Circuit

  13. AC DC • There are two types of current • Alternating Current • Direct Current AC is measured in many of the same ways with one notable exception AC runs in cycles. We call this its frequency and that is measured in Hertz.

  14. Static Electricity • When a body having a smooth surface is electrically charged the charge will distribute evenly across the surface. • If there are irregularities the charge will concentrate on the sharpest curvature, think aircraft hinge. • For this reason we uses static wicks which have sharp points to dissipate static electricity. • Additionally bonding straps are used to further dissipate buildup of static electricity on the control surfaces

  15. Grounding the airplane • Always, always, always use a static line to connect the aircraft while fueling. • If you do not this is a possible scenario. • You just finished a flight, you are in a desperate hurry to be late to your systems class. Your run out of the airplane and get the fuel hose. You spin open the filler cap and the nozzle touches the aluminum tab in the tank. This creates a spark due to the static build up from the flight and the lack of static build up from the pump. This spark ignites the vapor and boom. You are really really late for my class. And today was an important lesson.

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