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COMPOST

COMPOST. Background | Science | Precedents. Composting = Cooking. Compost Presentation November 12, 2011 D-Lab Waste. Elisha  Goodman | MIT Department of Urban Studies and City Planning | + 1 808 443 1759 | elishag@alum.mit.edu. COMPOST. Background | Science | Precedents. Scientific.

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COMPOST

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  1. COMPOST Background | Science | Precedents Composting = Cooking Compost Presentation November 12, 2011 D-Lab Waste Elisha Goodman | MIT Department of Urban Studies and City Planning | + 1 808 443 1759 | elishag@alum.mit.edu

  2. COMPOST Background | Science | Precedents Scientific Compost Presentation November 12, 2011 D-Lab Waste Elisha Goodman | MIT Department of Urban Studies and City Planning | + 1 808 443 1759 | elishag@alum.mit.edu

  3. COMPOST Background | Science | Precedents Scientific Compost Presentation November 12, 2011 D-Lab Waste Elisha Goodman | MIT Department of Urban Studies and City Planning | + 1 808 443 1759 | elishag@alum.mit.edu

  4. COMPOST Background | Science | Precedents ExperimentalIntuitive Compost Presentation November 12, 2011 D-Lab Waste Elisha Goodman | MIT Department of Urban Studies and City Planning | + 1 808 443 1759 | elishag@alum.mit.edu

  5. COMPOST Background | Science | Precedents Composting = Cooking Compost Presentation November 12, 2011 D-Lab Waste Elisha Goodman | MIT Department of Urban Studies and City Planning | + 1 808 443 1759 | elishag@alum.mit.edu

  6. COMPOST Background | Science | Precedents Lots of Ways To Bake a Cake Compost Presentation November 12, 2011 D-Lab Waste Elisha Goodman | MIT Department of Urban Studies and City Planning | + 1 808 443 1759 | elishag@alum.mit.edu

  7. COMPOST Background | Science | Precedents What’s Good About Compost? Compost Presentation November 12, 2011 D-Lab Waste Elisha Goodman | MIT Department of Urban Studies and City Planning | + 1 808 443 1759 | elishag@alum.mit.edu

  8. COMPOST Background | Science | Precedents What’s Good About Compost? Source: http://www.epa.gov/osw/conserve/rrr/composting/basic.htm Compost Presentation November 12, 2011 D-Lab Waste Elisha Goodman | MIT Department of Urban Studies and City Planning | + 1 808 443 1759 | elishag@alum.mit.edu

  9. COMPOST Background | Science | Precedents What’s Bad About Compost? Compost Presentation November 12, 2011 D-Lab Waste Elisha Goodman | MIT Department of Urban Studies and City Planning | + 1 808 443 1759 | elishag@alum.mit.edu

  10. COMPOST Background | Science | Precedents What’s Bad About Compost? Potential smellsPotential pests (rats, dogs)Potential pathogens Compost Presentation November 12, 2011 D-Lab Waste Elisha Goodman | MIT Department of Urban Studies and City Planning | + 1 808 443 1759 | elishag@alum.mit.edu

  11. COMPOST Background | Science | Precedents What Should We Compost? Compost Presentation November 12, 2011 D-Lab Waste Elisha Goodman | MIT Department of Urban Studies and City Planning | + 1 808 443 1759 | elishag@alum.mit.edu

  12. COMPOST Background | Science | Precedents Source: http://www.epa.gov/osw/conserve/rrr/composting/basic.htm Compost Presentation November 12, 2011 D-Lab Waste Elisha Goodman | MIT Department of Urban Studies and City Planning | + 1 808 443 1759 | elishag@alum.mit.edu

  13. COMPOST Background | Science | Precedents What Should We Not Compost? Compost Presentation November 12, 2011 D-Lab Waste Elisha Goodman | MIT Department of Urban Studies and City Planning | + 1 808 443 1759 | elishag@alum.mit.edu

  14. COMPOST Background | Science | Precedents Source: http://www.epa.gov/osw/conserve/rrr/composting/basic.htm Compost Presentation November 12, 2011 D-Lab Waste Elisha Goodman | MIT Department of Urban Studies and City Planning | + 1 808 443 1759 | elishag@alum.mit.edu

  15. COMPOST Background | Science | Precedents General Categories of Composting Compost Presentation November 12, 2011 D-Lab Waste Elisha Goodman | MIT Department of Urban Studies and City Planning | + 1 808 443 1759 | elishag@alum.mit.edu

  16. COMPOST Background | Science | Precedents In Vessel Composting • “Bioreactor” principals • Metal tanks or concrete • Used to treat biosolids at end of sewage processing Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fd/CVRD4chamber.air.jpg Compost Presentation November 12, 2011 D-Lab Waste Elisha Goodman | MIT Department of Urban Studies and City Planning | + 1 808 443 1759 | elishag@alum.mit.edu

  17. COMPOST BackgroundSciencePrecedents Aerated Static Composting • Air force through Source: http://www.fao.org/docrep/007/y5104e/y5104e07.htm#TopOfPage Compost Presentation November 12, 2011 D-Lab Waste Elisha Goodman | MIT Department of Urban Studies and City Planning | + 1 808 443 1759 | elishag@alum.mit.edu

  18. COMPOST Background | Science | Precedents Vermicomposting • Worms! • Very consistent product • Compost tea Photo Source: Elisha Goodman Compost Presentation November 12, 2011 D-Lab Waste Elisha Goodman | MIT Department of Urban Studies and City Planning | + 1 808 443 1759 | elishag@alum.mit.edu

  19. COMPOST Background | Science | Precedents Aerated Turned Composting • Windrows • Big! • Mechanized turning Source: http://www.fao.org/docrep/007/y5104e/y5104e07.htm Compost Presentation November 12, 2011 D-Lab Waste Elisha Goodman | MIT Department of Urban Studies and City Planning | + 1 808 443 1759 | elishag@alum.mit.edu

  20. COMPOST Background | Science | Precedents Heaps • On-farm • Backyard • Aerate with sticks Source: http://www.fao.org/docrep/007/y5104e/y5104e06.htm#TopOfPage Compost Presentation November 12, 2011 D-Lab Waste Elisha Goodman | MIT Department of Urban Studies and City Planning | + 1 808 443 1759 | elishag@alum.mit.edu

  21. COMPOST Background | Science | Precedents Barrels • Turn daily • These guys pre-compost, then feed it to worms Source: http://www.navitron.org.uk/forum/index.php?topic=4372.0 Compost Presentation November 12, 2011 D-Lab Waste Elisha Goodman | MIT Department of Urban Studies and City Planning | + 1 808 443 1759 | elishag@alum.mit.edu

  22. COMPOST Background | Science | Precedents Compost Needs? Compost Presentation November 12, 2011 D-Lab Waste Elisha Goodman | MIT Department of Urban Studies and City Planning | + 1 808 443 1759 | elishag@alum.mit.edu

  23. COMPOST Background | Science | Precedents Compost Needs • C:N Ratio between 30:1 and 50:1 • Microorganisms (Innoculants, EM Mix, Finished Compost) • Moisture • O2 (Aerobic, Anaerobic) • Time • Temperature • Turning • Animals (Worms) Compost Presentation November 12, 2011 D-Lab Waste Elisha Goodman | MIT Department of Urban Studies and City Planning | + 1 808 443 1759 | elishag@alum.mit.edu

  24. COMPOST Background | Science | Precedents C:N Ratio • C = Dry, Brown (Feed the fungi) • N = Wet, Green (Sugars – Feed the bacteria) Compost Presentation November 12, 2011 D-Lab Waste Elisha Goodman | MIT Department of Urban Studies and City Planning | + 1 808 443 1759 | elishag@alum.mit.edu

  25. COMPOST Background | Science | Precedents Examples of C? Compost Presentation November 12, 2011 D-Lab Waste Elisha Goodman | MIT Department of Urban Studies and City Planning | + 1 808 443 1759 | elishag@alum.mit.edu

  26. COMPOST Background | Science | Precedents Examples of N? Compost Presentation November 12, 2011 D-Lab Waste Elisha Goodman | MIT Department of Urban Studies and City Planning | + 1 808 443 1759 | elishag@alum.mit.edu

  27. COMPOST Background | Science | Precedents C:N Ratio Source: http://forestryandthehomestead.blogspot.com/2010_03_01_archive.html Compost Presentation November 12, 2011 D-Lab Waste Elisha Goodman | MIT Department of Urban Studies and City Planning | + 1 808 443 1759 | elishag@alum.mit.edu

  28. COMPOST Background | Science | Precedents Temperature • Thermophilic composting utilizes “heat loving” bacteria. Fast composting. (kills pathogens) • Cold composting (6 months to a year, longer to kill human pathogens) Compost Presentation November 12, 2011 D-Lab Waste Elisha Goodman | MIT Department of Urban Studies and City Planning | + 1 808 443 1759 | elishag@alum.mit.edu

  29. COMPOST Background | Science | Precedents Temperature • Ideal temp = 155° F (135°-160° Fahrenheit) • Above 160, many microorganisms don’t work well. • Reaching 150 is ideal for killing most parasites. • High temperature = more N loss. Compost Presentation November 12, 2011 D-Lab Waste Elisha Goodman | MIT Department of Urban Studies and City Planning | + 1 808 443 1759 | elishag@alum.mit.edu

  30. COMPOST Background | Science | Precedents Moisture • Moisture – when high, the high temperature distribution extends further to the outside of the pile. • Moisture content – 30 to 50% at the beginning (helps temperature spike) • Then moisture can be 30 – 70%. Compost Presentation November 12, 2011 D-Lab Waste Elisha Goodman | MIT Department of Urban Studies and City Planning | + 1 808 443 1759 | elishag@alum.mit.edu

  31. COMPOST Background | Science | Precedents Air • Aerobic = sweet! Happy bacteria. • Anaerobic = stinky! Compost Presentation November 12, 2011 D-Lab Waste Elisha Goodman | MIT Department of Urban Studies and City Planning | + 1 808 443 1759 | elishag@alum.mit.edu

  32. COMPOST Background | Science | Precedents Time • Everything made of organic material will eventually compost • After about 3 years, virtually all pathogens die off, including human Compost Presentation November 12, 2011 D-Lab Waste Elisha Goodman | MIT Department of Urban Studies and City Planning | + 1 808 443 1759 | elishag@alum.mit.edu

  33. COMPOST Background | Science | Precedents Compost Process • Add layer of C first • Add layer of N • Inoculate with EM mix or finished compost • Repeat • Cover pile with C and/or finished compost • Water if necessary • Keep at ideal moisture Compost Presentation November 12, 2011 D-Lab Waste Elisha Goodman | MIT Department of Urban Studies and City Planning | + 1 808 443 1759 | elishag@alum.mit.edu

  34. COMPOST Background | Science | Precedents Compost Process • Pile should heat up rapidly (24 – 48 hrs) to above 155 and below 160 degrees F • Turn if pile gets around 160 degrees F (above 160 F kills good microorganisms) • Rapid drop in temperature indicates anaerobic processes are starting • and pile should be turned. • Turn (outside to the inside) • Repeat Compost Presentation November 12, 2011 D-Lab Waste Elisha Goodman | MIT Department of Urban Studies and City Planning | + 1 808 443 1759 | elishag@alum.mit.edu

  35. COMPOST Background | Science | Precedents Troubleshooting • Too slow = add N/turn it! • Too smelly = add C/turn it! (C:N higher than 30:1 gives off smelly ammonia) • Too wet = add C/turn it! • Too hot = add C/turn it! • Too cool = add N/turn it! • Too much lignin (woody material) = add rock dusts once pile is cooled • Grubs = anaerobic/too wet = add C/turn it! Compost Presentation November 12, 2011 D-Lab Waste Elisha Goodman | MIT Department of Urban Studies and City Planning | + 1 808 443 1759 | elishag@alum.mit.edu

  36. COMPOST Background | Science | Precedents Curbside Organic Waste Collection • Cities: • San Francisco • Seattle • Toronto • Madison WI • States/Provinces with multiple cities: • CA • Nova Scotia Compost Presentation November 12, 2011 D-Lab Waste Elisha Goodman | MIT Department of Urban Studies and City Planning | + 1 808 443 1759 | elishag@alum.mit.edu

  37. COMPOST Background | Science | Precedents Bike Composting • http://pedaltopetal.blogspot.com/ • Montreal • http://www.compostmontreal.com • Vermont • http://www.earthgirlcomposting.com/ • http://www.faircompanies.com/videos/view/pedal-powered-compost-riding-restaurant-route-in-eugene/ • Philadelphia • http://www.pedalcoop.org/services Compost Presentation November 12, 2011 D-Lab Waste Elisha Goodman | MIT Department of Urban Studies and City Planning | + 1 808 443 1759 | elishag@alum.mit.edu

  38. COMPOST Background | Science | Precedents International – SWaCH Coop • http://swachcoop.com/ • Solid Waste Collection and Handling “SWaCH” • “a higher level of self-reliance” • India’s 1st cooperatively owned group of “rag pickers” • Pune India • Front end waste management services • Services 200,000 homes • 128 municipal khothis in 14 municipal administrative wards • Collect segregated waste from homes Compost Presentation November 12, 2011 D-Lab Waste Elisha Goodman | MIT Department of Urban Studies and City Planning | + 1 808 443 1759 | elishag@alum.mit.edu

  39. 10 reasons to pay your SWaCH Sathi Source: http://swachcoop.com/talkingrubbish.html

  40. 1- You pay your SWaCH Sathi because she provides you a service and makesyour life easier-just like your domestic worker, gardener, driver or hairdresser Source: http://swachcoop.com/talkingrubbish.html

  41. 2- You pay her because she collects your garbage from your doorstep/gate, segregates the recyclables and takes it to the secondary collection point Source: http://swachcoop.com/talkingrubbish.html

  42. 3- You pay her because she isn't a paid employee of the Municipality Source: http://swachcoop.com/talkingrubbish.html

  43. 4- You pay your SWaCH Sathi as the solid waste management tax you pay does not include the cost of doorstep collection of waste Source: http://swachcoop.com/talkingrubbish.html

  44. 5-You pay her because quite literally she`s taking care of your mess Source: http://swachcoop.com/talkingrubbish.html

  45. 6-You pay her for managing your waste in an eco-friendly manner. Reusing and recycling what can be recycled. Source: http://swachcoop.com/talkingrubbish.html

  46. 7-You pay your SWaCH Sathi because she is your ally in fighting climate change as she reduces the amount of waste going to the landfill and she`s a key actor in the whole composting process. Source: http://swachcoop.com/talkingrubbish.html

  47. 8-You pay her or SWaCH because then she is directly accountable to you and you can complain if there is a problem Source: http://swachcoop.com/talkingrubbish.html

  48. 9- You pay your SWaCH Sathi because she maintains the streams of segregated garbage at the cost of her health Source: http://swachcoop.com/talkingrubbish.html

  49. 3-Because by recognizing the dignity of pickers as people and their need for work and by tolerating their activities, it will lead to a reduction of official harassment of them; 10-You pay your SWaCH Sathi because at the end of the day her skills, expertise and experience with regards to waste management ensure a better deal for all of us Source: http://swachcoop.com/talkingrubbish.html

  50. COMPOST Background | Science | Precedents International – SWaCH Coop Source: http://swachcoop.com/garbage-booklet.pdf Compost Presentation November 12, 2011 D-Lab Waste Elisha Goodman | MIT Department of Urban Studies and City Planning | + 1 808 443 1759 | elishag@alum.mit.edu

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