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The Medieval Period

The Medieval Period. England in the Middle Ages saw linguistic, religious, literary and political shifts 11 th to nearly the15 th c. = population boomed Black Plague – 1348 = population diminished Civic and cultural upheaval!

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The Medieval Period

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  1. The Medieval Period • England in the Middle Ages saw linguistic, religious, literary and • political shifts • 11th to nearly the15th c. = population boomed • Black Plague – 1348 = population diminished • Civic and cultural upheaval! • Obvious and significant changes in literature reflected the • disturbances of the people • Question: • What will mark England as distinctly medieval during • these years? 1066 - 1485

  2. Historical Background Normans “north men” – 9th c. invaded France Adopted French culture wholly • Language: a dialect of French • Religion: Christianity • Political & Economical: feudalism William, Duke of Normandy kin to: King of England, Edward the Confessor 1066 – Edward died Council of Elders chose Harold II as King of England William defeated Harold at the Battle of Hastings Became William the Conqueror, King William I

  3. William Conquers • William spent five years instituting feudalism • The Domesday Book: records how much land a knight held, how many villages were there, how many buildings in the village, even the number of cattle and yield of grain. • The Bayeux Tapestry is an invaluable source. It helps confirm the sequence of events. More importantly, it provides images of knights and ships at a time when we have very little visual evidence.

  4. Shift in Language • Normans substituted French dialect in English law • Business conducted in Latin or French • Normans thought French superior • Example: Ivanhoe by Sir Walter Scott • Animals in field called by Saxon names: swine, sheep, ox • Meat on dinner table called by French name: pork, mutton, beef

  5. Plantagenets • 1154 – Henry II - one of England’s most able kings • Henry fought with Catholic Church • Henry appointed Thomas Becket • Becket sided with the Pope • Henry’s knights murdered Becket • Henry makes Pilgrimage

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