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Earth’s Changing Environment Lecture 6

This lecture explores the dynamics of energy consumption and production globally and within the US, measured in Quadrillion British Thermal Units (QBtu). Key insights include comparative per capita energy usage, the primary sources of energy, and the dependence on fossil fuels. In 2001, global consumption reached 403 QBtu, with significant contributions from petroleum, coal, and natural gas. The US relied on fossil fuels for 86% of its energy needs, highlighting the challenges posed by finite resources. This overview is vital for understanding energy trends and environmental implications.

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Earth’s Changing Environment Lecture 6

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  1. Earth’s Changing EnvironmentLecture 6 Global and US Energy Consumption and Production

  2. The QBtu • Best energy unit for global scale is quadrillion Btu (QBtu) • 1 QBtu = 1x1015 Btu • A Btu = British Thermal Unit

  3. World Primary Energy Consumption (QBtu) • Global 403 • US 97 • Western Europe 73 • China 40 • Russia 28 • Japan 22 (2001 values)

  4. Example Problem 1 • Compare the per capita energy consumption in the US with per capita energy consumption in China. • US: 97 x 1015 Btu/ 284x106 = 342 million Btu • China: 40 x 1015 Btu/ 1.29x109 = 31 million Btu

  5. Global Energy Consumption (QBtu) • Petroleum 156 (39%) • Coal 96 (24%) • Natural Gas 93 (23%) • Hydro 27 (7%) • Nuclear 26 (6%) • Renewables 5 (1%)

  6. US Energy Consumption (QBtu) • Petroleum 38 (39%) • Coal 22 (23%) • Natural Gas 23 (24%) • Nuclear 8 (8%) • Hydroelectric 3 (3%) • Renewables 3 (3%)

  7. Example Problem 2 • Annual hydroelectric energy consumed in the US equals 209 billion kWh • Convert this value to Btu, using the conversion factor: 10,400 Btu/kWh • 2.09x1011 kwh x 1.04 x104 Btu/kWh =2.2 x1015 Btu = 2.2 QBtu

  8. Primary Energy in QBtu Production (Consumption) prod (cons) • Global 403 (403) • US 72 (97) • Western Europe 45 (73) • Japan 4 (22) • China 38 (40) • Russia 45 (28) • Saudia Arabia 20 (5) • Venezuela 9 (3) (2001 values)

  9. Fossil Fuels • Coal, Natural Gas, and Oil are fossil fuels and are the source of 85% of the primary energy used worldwide. • There is a finite supply of these resources. • Oil, the most heavily used fossil fuel, has the most limited supply

  10. US Sources of Energy (QBtu) • 56% of oil consumed in US is imported • 86% of US energy consumption is fossil fuels.

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