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Mutations

Mutations. Mutations. A section of DNA on a chromosome that directs the making of a specific protein is called a gene Genes control the traits inherited by an organism If a change occurs in a gene or chromosome, a trait of that organism may be changed

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Mutations

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  1. Mutations

  2. Mutations • A section of DNA on a chromosome that directs the making of a specific protein is called a gene • Genes control the traits inherited by an organism • If a change occurs in a gene or chromosome, a trait of that organism may be changed • Any permanent change in a gene or a chromosome of a cell is called a mutation

  3. Gene mutations • Point mutation-A change in a single base pair in DNA • Causes a change in a single amino acid in the protein for which the gene codes Example: Normal mRNA: AUG-AAG-UUU-GGC-GCA-UUG-UAA Point Mutation mRNA: AUG-AAG-UUU-AGC-GCA-UUG-UAA G was replaced by A

  4. Gene Mutations continued • Frameshift mutation-when a single nitrogen base is added to or deleted from a DNA strand • Addition or deletion-of a base causes the sequence of amino acids on the strand to change= formation of different protein

  5. Chromosomal mutations • Occur when parts of chromosomes are broken off and lost during mitosis and meiosis. Also occur when chromosomes break and rejoin incorrectly. • Deletion- when part of a chromosome is left out • Insertion- when a part of a chromatid breaks off and attaches to its sister chromatid • Inversion- takes place when a part of a chromosome breaks out and is reinserted backwards • Translocation-occurs when a part of a chromosome breaks off and is added to a different chromosome

  6. Examples of Chromosomal Mutations • ABCDE FGH ABCE FGH • ABCDE FGH ABCBCDE FGH • ABCDE FGH ADCBE FGH • ABCDE FGH WXABCDE FGH Deletion Insertion Inversion Translocation WXY Z Y Z

  7. Questions?

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