1. Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology

2. Christmas Gift • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mlhHTdDqoBc

3. Review: Genetics • What have we learned? • What can we do with our knowledge of genetics?

4. Genetic Engineering • Has driven the large growth in biotechnology • Use of living systems and organisms to develop or make useful products to help improve our lives and health of out planet (technology based on biology) • Genetic Engineering: direct manipulation of an organism’s genome (DNA) using biotechnology • Uses the concepts of genetics to engineer (create/design) new useful products • Most of the inventions serve a beneficial purpose for humans or other species • Cloning has been one of the most controversial

5. What is Cloning? • A clone is an organism of genetically identical cells produced from a single cell. • Clones of bacteria and other microorganisms are easy to grow. • Multicellular organisms, such as animals, are much more difficult.

6. Cloning Endangered Species • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VVf_GPqVmmc

7. The Cloning Process • Done through a process called: • Somatic cell nuclear transfer • A somatic cell (not gametes) is taken from one organism that will be cloned. • A donor egg (ovum) is taken from a second organism and its nucleus is removed. • The nucleus from the first cell is fused with the egg and begins to divide. • The resulting embryo is implanted into a surrogate (third organism).

8. Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer

9. Dolly the Sheep • First mammal to be cloned from an adult somatic cell after almost 300 tries – what does this mean? • A Scottish team of scientists led by Ian Wilmutwere responsible for the accomplishment. • Dolly was born on July 5, 1996. The world did not find out about the successful clone until seven months later (February 22, 1997). • Dolly died in 2003 at the age of six. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CkZV7hl-kXE Dolly with her first offspring, Bonnie.

10. Will this lead to human cloning?

11. Potential Benefits and Concerns • Endangered Species – cloning to save the species • Species with a high population – only cloning for pleasure? http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DDUULl7HOws • Humans embryos – cloning for stem cells and to save human lives? http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pPz8LEQqARo

12. To Clone or Not to Clone?:You Decide • Get into groups of four and discuss a given scenario. • Respond individually to the questions on a separate piece of paper to be turned in at the end of the period. • Include reasons for your decisions.

13. Cloning Scenarios • Case 1: Cloning a guide dog • Case 2: Saving the Giant Panda • Case 3: Using stem cells • Case 4: Cloning a human being • Case 5: Financial gain • Case 6: Increasing food production

14. Pros and Cons

15. What did you learn? • Write a couple sentences about today’s lesson. Include one thing you learned and one question you still have about cloning.