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Lecture 4 – Physical Attributes Announcements

Lecture 4 of BAE 2023 explores the physical attributes of biological materials, focusing on the key dimensions that define the size of grains, seeds, fruits, and vegetables. The major, intermediate, and minor diameters are introduced, along with definitions of shape and style in food processing. The concept of sphericity is explained with examples, including calculations of volume using liquid displacement methods. Students are tasked with practical problems involving the sphericity and volume of various biological materials, enhancing their understanding of physical properties in the food industry.

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Lecture 4 – Physical Attributes Announcements

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  1. Lecture 4 – Physical AttributesAnnouncements BAE2023 Physical Properties of Biological Materials Lecture 4

  2. Lecture 4: Physical AttributesChpt 2, Pages 11-20 For grain, seeds, fruits, vegetables Size described by 3 dimensions Major diameter: longest dimension of the max projected area (fat part) Intermediate diameter: min. diameter on the max projected area, assumed to be equal to the longest diameter of the min projected area (thickness) Minor diameter: shortest dimension of the minimum projected area (skinny part) May be referred to differently in industry Usually called length, width, and depth BAE2023 Physical Properties of Biological Materials Lecture 4

  3. Lecture 4: Physical AttributesChpt 2, Pages 11-20 Shape: used to describe unprocessed foods Example: carrots = cones Style: used to describe processed foods Example: carrot coins, french cut beans, apple wedges, banana chips Shape: use geometric solids…sphere, truncated cone (see appendix C) BAE2023 Physical Properties of Biological Materials Lecture 4

  4. Lecture 4: Physical AttributesChpt 2, Pages 11-20 Sphericity: Ratio of volume of triaxial ellipsoid to a circumscribed sphere (show correction in book for 2a, 2b, 2c, page 13 and pg 14 example) Blueberry example BAE2023 Physical Properties of Biological Materials Lecture 4

  5. Lecture 4: Physical AttributesChpt 2, Pages 11-20 Sphericity, Sc: Palm fruit example…will it roll or slide??? research paper Aspect ratio, Ra = (b/a)*100 Ra >50%...tends to slide Sc >50%...tends to roll Both > 50%, will tend to roll with some sliding BAE2023 Physical Properties of Biological Materials Lecture 4

  6. Lecture 4: Physical AttributesChpt 2, Pages 11-20 Volume Volume determined by liquid or gas displacement Pycnometers or graduated burettes Weight of fluid displaced by solids divided by the density of the fluid = volume of the solid particles Buoyant force of water on object, page 16, 2.3 Platform balance Optical method BAE2023 Physical Properties of Biological Materials Lecture 4

  7. Lecture 4: Physical AttributesChpt 2, Pages 11-20 Volume Volume determined by gas displacement Page 17 Fig.2.2 Gas penetrates grains and seeds Coat with wax BAE2023 Physical Properties of Biological Materials Lecture 4

  8. Lecture 4: Physical AttributesChpt 2, Pages 11-20 Volume Estimation through calculation Use Appendix C for equations of similar geometries Error determination, %: [(Your calculation – test value)/(test value)]*100 Example: calculated volume using equation…48.7 mm3 Gas pyncnometer measure 50.1 mm3 BAE2023 Physical Properties of Biological Materials Lecture 4

  9. Lecture 4: Physical AttributesChpt 2, Pages 11-20 Surface Area Peel Coating and peeling Bread loaf estimation example Estimate Surface Area Similarity to geometric solids Appendix C (not A!!!) Example 2.3 page 19 BAE2023 Physical Properties of Biological Materials Lecture 4

  10. HW#4 Part 2 AssignmentDue 1/31 Problem 1: A) Calculate the sphericity of a blueberry, a Red Haven peach, and a Norchip potato. B) Which one is more spherical? Problem 2: Calculate the volume of a Bart 46 Wheat kernel Reference class handout What is the percentage error when compared to the volume determined by testing? Problem 3: Using a piece of fruit or vegetable of your choice, and example 2.3 in Chpt 2, determine the volume and surface area. BAE2023 Physical Properties of Biological Materials Lecture 4

  11. HW#4 Part 2 AssignmentDue 1/31 Problem 4: #2.6 in book Problem 5: #2.10 in book BAE2023 Physical Properties of Biological Materials Lecture 4

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