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The Evolution of Religious Thought During the Enlightenment: Key Sects and Philosophers

The Enlightenment sparked profound shifts in religious beliefs, characterized by various Protestant sects such as Lutherans, Calvinists, Anglicans, and Pietists. Dissenters like Baptists, Quakers, and Methodists emerged alongside traditional Catholics and Orthodox Christians. This era also saw significant philosophical movements with figures like Descartes promoting reason and skepticism, as well as Deists believing in a naturalistic understanding of God. Notable thinkers such as Rousseau, Voltaire, and Jefferson reshaped perspectives on formal religion, challenging established norms and proposing new ideas on morality and existence.

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The Evolution of Religious Thought During the Enlightenment: Key Sects and Philosophers

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  1. Religion During the Enlightenment

  2. PROTESTANTS LUTHERANS CALVINISTS ANGLICANS OTHER SECTS PIETISTS MENNONITES DISSENTERS HUGUENOTS PRESBYTERIANS LATITUDINARIANS METHODIST UNITARIANS QUAKERS CONGREGATIONALISTS BAPTISTS

  3. CATHOLICS ORTHODOX NON-ORTHODOX JESUITS JANSENISTS QUIETISTS

  4. PHILOSOPHERS Cartesians-Disciples of Descartes; discarded authoritarianism and argued that only that which is clearly perceived is true Skeptics-Denied the ability of man to know all and the capacity of his reason to penetrate everything

  5. PHILOSOPHERS Cambridge Platonists- Revived the Platonic theory of ideas, particularly the belief that moral ideas are innate in man Utilitarians- held that the happiness of the greatest number is the greatest good

  6. PHILOSOPHERS Deists-argued that the course of nature was sufficient to demonstrate God's existence. Regarded formal religion as superfluous. Their number included Rousseau, Voltaire, Benjamin Franklin, and Thomas Jefferson Atheists-Flatly denied God's existence

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