1. PROTESTANTREFORMATION

2. THE CATHOLIC CHURCH • The Catholic Church was criticized for some of its practices (popes being too greedy and corrupt) and not reforming enough • People want a change…

3. CAUSES OF THE REFORMATION

4. MARTIN LUTHER • A monk and teacher in Germany • At 21, he was caught in a thunderstorm and promised to become a monk if saved • Felt that faith alone was the key to salvation

5. LUTHER LEADS A REFORMATION • Luther was against the sale of indulgences (a pardon for sins, ticket to heaven) in the Catholic Church • He posted 95 Theses to a church door stating what he felt was wrong with the Church and indulgences • People made copies of his work and this sparked a Reformation(religious reform)

7. LUTHER’S TEACHINGS • People could win salvation by faith • All Church teachings should be based on Bible, not the pope • All people with faith are equal, therefore priests are not needed

8. REACTION TO LUTHER • The pope felt threatened and said he would excommunicate (kick out of Catholic Church) Luther unless he took back his statements • Political leaders asked him to recant (or take back) his theses at Diet of Worms (meeting of Church leaders) • People started to follow his teachings and became Lutherans • Eventually the term Protestant applied to all non-Catholic Christians

9. JOHN CALVIN • Inspired by the work of Luther and would give order to the faith Luther started • Believed in predestination (concept that God has already decided who will be saved) and based his religion Calvinismon this belief

10. ENGLISH REFORMATION

11. England Becomes Protestant • Henry VIII became convinced that his 42 year old wife Catherine of Aragon was too old to bear him a son • They had one daughter, Mary • He wanted a divorce but the Catholic church wouldn’t allow it • So, Henry VIII called Parliament into session and asked it to pass laws ending the pope’s power in England

12. Henry VIII

13. England Becomes Protestant • Henry divorced Catherine and married Anne Boleyn • They have a daughter, Elizabeth

14. England Becomes Protestant • In 1534, Parliament voted to make the King the official head of England’s church • Soon afterwards, Henry closed all English monasteries and seized their land and wealth for himself • He would eventually marry four more times

15. Jane Seymour • Henry’s 3rd wife, bore him a son Edward

16. 1: Catherine of Aragon (divorced) 2: Anne Boleyn (beheaded) 3: Jane Seymour (died) 4: Anne of Cleves (divorced) 5: Katherine Howard (beheaded) 6: Katherine Parr (survived) Wives of Henry VIII

17. Queen Elizabeth • Daughter of Henry and Anne • Inherited the throne in 1558 • Returned England to Protestantism • In 1559, Parliament acceded to her request to establish a national church much like under Henry VIII

18. Queen Elizabeth

19. Queen Elizabeth • This was to be the only legal church in England • People were required to attend its services or pay a fine • This was known as the Church of England, or Anglican Church

20. Inside the Church of England

21. Queen Elizabeth • Faced the threat of invasion from Catholic Spain • This was partially because she supported Protestant subjects who rebelled against King Philip II • He sent the Spanish armada to the SW coast of England only to have the English destroy it

22. King Philip II of Spain

23. Spanish Armada

24. The Elizabethan Age • The Renaissance in England is known as the Elizabethan Age, named for Queen Elizabeth I • She patronized the arts and also wrote poetry herself • She also inspired much poetry

25. William Shakespeare • Wrote in Renaissance England • Many people regard him as the greatest playwright of all time • Born in 1564 in Stratford-upon-Avon; by 1592, had moved to London

26. William Shakespeare • FAMOUS WORKS • Macbeth • King Lear • Romeo and Juliet • Hamlet • A Midsummer Night’s Dream • Julius Caesar (a good example of how he used the classical world as inspiration)

27. The Catholic Reformation

28. The Catholic Reformation • While Protestantism was growing, millions remained loyal to Catholicism. • There was a movement inside the Catholic Church to reform itself called the Catholic Reformation.

29. Led the Catholic Reformation. Ignatius of Loyola

30. Jesuits • In 1540, the Pope made the followers of St. Ignatius into a religious order called the Society of Jesus • Also called the Jesuits.

31. Seal of the Jesuits Modern day Jesuits. The Jesuits

32. The Jesuits • 1. founded superb schools throughout Europe. • 2. helped convert non-Christians to Catholicism through missionary work. • 3. stopped Protestantism from spreading

33. The Jesuits • Their zeal helped stop the spread of Protestantism in Poland and Southern Germany. • In the 1500s, popes took up the cause of Catholic Reformation.

34. The Council of Trent • A meeting of church leaders called by Pope Paul III in 1545 • At the council, several important church doctrines were agreed upon, such as…

35. The Council of Trent

36. The Council of Trent • 1. The Catholic Church’s interpretation of the Bible was final and any Christian who offered their own was a heretic.

37. The Council of Trent • 2. Christians need faith and good works for salvation and people were not saved by faith alone. • 3. The Bible and the Church were equally important in determining how to be a Christian.

38. The Council of Trent • 4. indulgences were valid expressions of faith, but the false selling of them were banned.