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Debates in HE

Debates in HE. ASS 3. Aims. To describe development of HE post-war To analyse the “widening participation” debate. History. Robbins Report 1963 216,000 students 1962/3 390,000 students 1973/4 560,000 students 1980/1 2,480,145 students 2004/5 Rejected limited pool of ability

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Debates in HE

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  1. Debates in HE ASS 3

  2. Aims • To describe development of HE post-war • To analyse the “widening participation” debate m.mcmanus@shu.ac.uk

  3. History • Robbins Report 1963 • 216,000 students 1962/3 • 390,000 students 1973/4 • 560,000 students 1980/1 • 2,480,145 students 2004/5 • Rejected limited pool of ability • HE needed for economic growth • good society requires equal ops m.mcmanus@shu.ac.uk

  4. Dearing Report (NCIHE) • Reported 1997 • Summary of last 20 years • number of students more than doubled • public funding for HE up by 45% • unit of funding per student down by 40% • public funding for HE, as% of GDP, same m.mcmanus@shu.ac.uk

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  17. Leitch Report 2006 • http://www.dfes.gov.uk/furthereducation/index.cfm?fuseaction=content.view&CategoryID=21&ContentID=37 • role of FE • Emphasis on skills m.mcmanus@shu.ac.uk

  18. Stakeholders • Government • DfES • Treasury • Employers • Parents • Students • Academics m.mcmanus@shu.ac.uk

  19. Implications of figures • Low rate of participation • age • gender • class • ethnicity m.mcmanus@shu.ac.uk

  20. There has been growth • 1950 5% of relevant age group in HE • 1996 70% of school leavers go to FE/HE • 1999 30% of age group in HE in England • 45% of age group in Scotland • Government aim is 50% m.mcmanus@shu.ac.uk

  21. Problems • 1997 31% of 18-21s entered HE (UK) • SEGs 1, 2 & 3 49% into HE • SEGs 4 & 5 18.4% into HE • SEG 1 80% into HE • SEG 5 14% into HE • 1990 SEG 5 6% but SEGs 1-3 36.7% m.mcmanus@shu.ac.uk

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  23. Policy Issues • Definition of “widening participation” • Participation in what • for how long • in what way • in what institution • Widened • not just increase numbers • diversity - non traditional students m.mcmanus@shu.ac.uk

  24. Equality • WP not just about enrolling need to look at achievement, outcomes & involvement in HE including teaching and research • Not equal opps re access but re OUTCOME m.mcmanus@shu.ac.uk

  25. Policies • Access courses • non-traditional pathway to traditional HE • Just increase numbers • misses excluded groups • Limit expansion to excluded groups • problem of equity • Aim Higher http://www.aimhigher.ac.uk/home/index.cfm m.mcmanus@shu.ac.uk

  26. Barriers to participation & retention • Risks • Resistance • Cultural factors • Structural inequalities • Money & time • HE culture m.mcmanus@shu.ac.uk

  27. Facilitating factors • Knowing someone • Student composition • Alternative entry routes m.mcmanus@shu.ac.uk

  28. Conclusion • Archer (2001) -Govt assumptions wrong • underestimate complexity of issue • FORMAL equality insufficient • Need effective targeting m.mcmanus@shu.ac.uk

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