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ccsr.ac.uk/staff/ludi/race.html Claims and evidence

Segregation and integration in the UK Ludi Simpson Cathie Marsh Centre for Census and Survey Research, University of Manchester Politics and demography ASEN conference, LSE September 29-30 2006. www.ccsr.ac.uk/staff/ludi/race.html Claims and evidence.

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ccsr.ac.uk/staff/ludi/race.html Claims and evidence

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  1. Segregation and integration in the UKLudi SimpsonCathie Marsh Centre for Census and Survey Research, University of ManchesterPolitics and demographyASEN conference, LSE September 29-30 2006

  2. www.ccsr.ac.uk/staff/ludi/race.htmlClaims and evidence • “Whites will soon become a minority in Birmingham and other major British cities, posing a critical challenge to social stability, Britain’s race relations watchdog has warned. • “The warning comes as government statistics show that white and ethnic minority communities are becoming increasingly segregated by growing population movement and immigration. • “Phillips will highlight the issue this week at a conference in Leicester, which the CRE predicts will become a plural city by 2011, with the others [Birmingham, Oldham and Bradford] crossing the threshold by 2016.” Sunday Times, March 19th 2006, David Leppard N o t t r u e!

  3. Population dynamics, England • Growth of Caribbean, Indian, Pakistani and Bangladeshi populations is more through natural growth (reproduction) than immigration, 1991-2001 Black: natural change (excess of births over deaths). Grey: Net migration. Source: Williamson (2003)

  4. www.ccsr.ac.uk/research/egpd.htmOldham and Rochdale, Migration 1991-2001 Natural change 1991-2001 Total persons White Black Indian Pak’ni B’shi Other Asian settlement 1991 5164 -1158 -3 77 3410 2527 314 Asian growth 91-01 2442 -812 17 43 2160 583 448 Small Asian growth 795 302 9 3 233 122 126 Other areas 885 382 5 14 168 46 269 Net migration 1991-2001 Total persons White Black Indian Pak’ni B’shiOther Asian settlement 1991 -4188 -4454 -300 -358 -211 741 392 Asian growth 91-01 -3481 -6599 -164 -56 1743 1037 555 Small Asian growth 414 -494 -54 9 508 258 185 Other areas-3253 -3640 -105 -4 168 53 270

  5. www.ccsr.ac.uk/research/migseg/index.html Mixing, growth and migration

  6. Table 2. Indices of segregation and diversity, for wards of England and Wales www.ccsr.ac.uk->working papers-> “Ghettos of the mind…” Indices of segregation

  7. Indices of movement and diversity

  8. http://asp.ccsr.ac.uk/dwpThose who move out of inner areas are better off than those who stay, but big inequalities remain

  9. Other research • Greater London Authority Nov 05 • Simpson’s Diversity Index: greater diversity over time • Polarised enclaves: fewer in 2001 than 1991 • Ghettos: none • Poulsen (Johnston and Forrest) Sept 05 • Index of isolation: increased • Ghettos: none • Phillips, survey-based Society and Space 05 • Dispersal in fact and in aspirations of young Asian families • Dorling and Rees 2002, and many others • Social geography becoming more polarised • Rees, 2005 for Joseph Rowntree Foundation

  10. What’s round the corner? and what can be done about it? • More Black and Asian areas, with probably higher proportions of Black and Asian residents • Indices of ‘isolation’ will go up for Asian populations • Not policy sensitive: we don’t ask people not to have children • More dispersal to other areas: diversity and mixing; a residential mosaic • Increase labour market equality and economic prosperity • Remove barriers in the housing market • The safety and comfort of potential new areas outside settlement areas

  11. What’s round the corner? and what can be done about it? • Fear • at top and bottom • Community cohesion / CRE policies for equality, interaction and participation • View clusters as a means to integration, not its antithesis • Reduce inflammatory views of Black areas • New thinking on the meaning of integration and segregation

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