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ZOONOSIS

ZOONOSIS. A disease primarily of animals which can be transmitted to humans as a result of direct or indirect contact with the infected animal population. ZOONOSIS. Brucellosis Plague Listeriosis Anthrax Tularemia Erysipeloid. Brucellosis (Malta fever).

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ZOONOSIS

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  1. ZOONOSIS A disease primarily of animals which can be transmitted to humans as a result of direct or indirect contact with the infected animal population

  2. ZOONOSIS • Brucellosis • Plague • Listeriosis • Anthrax • Tularemia • Erysipeloid

  3. Brucellosis (Malta fever) • Dr. David Bruce attended to an epidemic among the British troops in Malta (1887) • Isolated an organism from spleens of 4 fatal cases • Fulfilled the Koch’s postulate • Linked the disease to goat’s milk on the island

  4. Brucellasp. Primarily affects people who work with animals or animal products (slaughterhouse workers, veterinarians, farmers, dairy workers) Four different species of Brucella are known to infect humans 100-200 cases seen per year

  5. Morphology & physiology • Fastidious & aerobic • Facultative intracellular • Gram negative non motile cocobacilli

  6. Species Animal reservoir • B. abortus Cattle • B. suis Swine Goats and sheep • B. melitensis • B. canis Dogs Brucella reservoir

  7. Brucellosis in animals • Transmitted by contact with infected tissue or milk (oral, aerosol or abrasion) • Predilection for erythritol rich organs (breast, uterus, epididymis, ect.) • Abortions, mastitis and sterility

  8. Brucellosis in humans • Skin abrasion, conjunctivae, inhalation or ingestion • Engulfed by neutrophils and monocytes (resistant to killing) • Localize regional lymph nodes • Infect phagocytic cells in the RE system and form granulomas

  9. Symptoms • Aches, chills, fever (undulating) • Drenching sweating • Fatigue, myalgia, muscle weakness • Relapse common

  10. Pathogenesis • 5’guanosine and adenine inhibit the degranulation of peroxidase-positive granules • Host damage due to hypersensitivity

  11. Diagnosis • Symptoms and history • Blood culture on enriched media (slow: 4-6 weeks) • Organisms grow very slowly (6 weeks) • Serology (titer >640) • Skin test with brucellergin - delayed-type

  12. Treatment • Prolonged use (several months) of rifampin with tetracycline or streptomycin

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