A Cooperative Agreement between Colorado State University (CSU) and

1. Overview of the DOD Center for Geosciences/Atmospheric Research (CG/AR) at Colorado State University A Cooperative Agreement between Colorado State University (CSU) and U.S. Army Research Laboratory (ARL) in Collaboration with The Naval Research Laboratory (NRL), The Air Force Weather Agency (AFWA), and The US Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) Adapted from the Annual Review Presentation by Professor Tom Vonder Haar CIRA and Department of Atmospheric Science, CSU Recipient Program Manager, CG/AR

2. Background of “CG/AR” • Began as a competitive DOD University Research Initiative (URI) Award to CSU via ARO in 1986 • Multi-disciplinary Research (6.2 & 6.1) • Normal LOE ~ $2 to 3 M/yr via Cooperative Agreement with ARL • Army, Navy, Air Force; Tri-Service focus • >120 Graduate/Undergraduate participants over 23 years • Graduates continue in DOD research

3. Research and Tech Transition Projects are a 4-Way Match CG/AR Research Project CSU Capabilities DOD Priorities Collaboration Opportunities Available Funding

4. Research Projects are Organized into Six Research Themes in anAnnual Program Plan (APP) • Hydrometeorology • Clouds, Icing and Aerosol Effects • Environmental Modeling and Assimilation • Urban and Boundary Layer Environment • Remote Sensing of Battlespace Parameters • Technology Transition and Interactions

5. Approach to Solutions for DOD Environmental Challenges (Xn) • In general use Research-to-Operations-to-Research (R2O2R) Method • CG/AR’s more specific methods: Design & Test Detection or Forecast Methods *Heuristic Guidelines and/or *Xn-Resolving Models and/or *Advanced Data Assimil. to Models Observations and/or Theory and/or Models ofXn UNDERSTAND the Physics, Dynamics Chemistry Tactical Decision Aids (TIWEDA) Improved Forecasts Note: X=environmental variable n=user application R2O2R

6. Using NOAA’s HYSPLIT model, aerosol back trajectories are computed for the Iraq Region. The seasonal dependence (Jan-Feb-Mar (JFM), Apr-May-Jun (AMJ), Jul-Aug-Sep (JAS), and Oct-Nov-Dec (OND)) indicates where aerosols are originating from during that period. Many of these aerosols can carry biological hazards that can affect the long-term health of our soldiers in the field. These model simulations help pin-point source regions by time and weather events as the DOD works to minimize exposure to potentially harmful bio-aerosols to better protect our soldiers’ health. This is a collaborative effort between the University of Alaska Fairbanks and CSU. (see Kreidenweis and Atwood poster and presentation).

7. This figure demonstrates the “brown-out” problem for our warfighters. Even small directional changes of the surface winds can greatly change the anticipated “clear view” for landing purposes. If this craft had landed oriented in the opposite direction pointing into the dust, their fate would have been in doubt. Better understanding of the boundary layer winds and land surface features that affect low level winds are critical to the dust forecasting problem in Iraq and Afghanistan. (ref. Jones et al. (soil moisture) and van den Heever et al. (storm outflow boundaries)).

8. Cloud icing is an extreme hazard to aircraft operations. Above is an example of the Cloud Phase/Icing Spatial Correlation Product developed by CG/AR. A key activity is to extend the special CloudSat data from a single narrow beam of data to a larger cloud deck. This horizontally spreads the CloudSat data into important data denied regions. (see Miller et al. poster and presentation)

9. 27km 9km 3km C3VP/CLEX-10 Target region 1835-1915 UTC Mixed-Phase Cloud Modeling Study (Noh et al.) WRF model simulation (ARW-V3.1.1) • Three domains, one way nesting • Grid:199x139x32, Time step (dt): 20 s (d03) • Four different cloud microphysics versions • RRTM long-wave radiation scheme • Dudhia short-wave scheme • Noah land-surface model • YSU PBL scheme • Initialization & boundary conditions : GFS (Valid 1900 UTC 05 Nov 2006 , WDM6≈WSM6, interpolated 500 m vertical resolution) All model runs predict the supercooled water too low; 3 of 4 models have incorrect ice/water ratio

10. Battlespace Products • Middle East Products LINK • Flooding Products • Blended Total Precipitable Water LINK • Orographic Rain Index LINK

11. Lt. Col. Brian Griffith (CSU Graduate) discusses battlefield weather capabilities with Capt. Jacob Chisolm at Bagram Airfield, Afghanistan. Colonel Griffith is the 19th Expeditionary Weather Squadron commander (Meteorological Technology International 2010, pp. 44-45). CSU Students who interact with our CG/AR DOD-focused faculty and staff go on to make important contributions for our nation.

12. Overview of the DOD Center for Geosciences/Atmospheric Science (CG/AR) at Colorado State University 2009-10 ….. The 23rd Year In our 6 Theme Areas of CG/AR we have: Enhanced our studies of Hydrometeorology and Soil Moisture in collaboration with ARL and ERDC; developed “ponding” research leading to TDA’s Continued our Leading Research on Clouds and Aerosols related to Cloud and Icing Forecasts, CFLOS, etc. Provided new regional and local Modeling and Assimilation Research Results including Direct Satellite Radiance Assimilation, Theory for Lognormal Variables and Cloud Nowcasting Enhanced our studies of the Boundary Layer Environment Wind Fields in the Middle East, remote coastal Stratocumulus regions, Acoustic Transmission Loss Continued studies of Battlespace Environment Clouds, Water Vapor and Precipitation related to improved forecasting in data-denied regions Continued Tech Transmission and DOD Lab Interactions with Visits, BACIMO papers, etc.

13. Level of Effort under the CG/AR Cooperative Agreement with ARL Hydrometeorology Clouds, Icing and Aerosol Effects Environmental Modeling and Assimilation

14. Level of Effort under the CG/AR Cooperative Agreement with ARL (cont’d) Urban and Boundary Layer Environment Remote Sensing of Battlespace Parameters Technology Transition and Interactions