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The War of 1812: A Struggle Against Barbary Pirates and British Impressment

The War of 1812 marked a pivotal moment in U.S. history, characterized by conflicts with Barbary pirates and Britain. The Barbary States interfered with American trade, demanding tributes, leading President Jefferson to assert military action after Tripoli declared war. The successful capture of Tripoli in 1805 prevented further tributes. Simultaneously, Britain's impressment policy provoked American outrage, resulting in the Embargo Act of 1807. This led ultimately to the War of 1812, a conflict fueled by "War Hawks" in Congress who sought to defend national sovereignty against foreign aggression.

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The War of 1812: A Struggle Against Barbary Pirates and British Impressment

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Presentation Transcript

  1. 11.3 The Coming of War

  2. Merchants Vs. Pirates • Barbary States- operated pirate fleets causing interference with merchant ships traveling to trade (Mediterranean Sea) • Tributes were payed yearly to keep them from capturing American ships • Jefferson felt we could take them down- Tripoli demanded a higher tribute (1801) we refused, they declared war on us- • USS Philadelphia (our ship) was captured- sailors held for ransom and impressment • We improved our warships -1805 combined force of Marines and mercenaries captured the Tripoli tan town- caused the ruler of Tripoli to signed a peace treaty(no more tribute and returned American hostages)

  3. The Marine's Hymn LyricsFrom the Halls of MontezumaTo the shores of TripoliWe fight our country's battlesIn the air, on land, and sea;First to fight for right and freedomAnd to keep our honor clean;We are proud to claim the titleOf United States Marine.Our flag's unfurled to every breezeFrom dawn to setting sun;We have fought in every clime and placeWhere we could take a gun.In the snow of far-off Northern landsAnd in sunny tropic scenes;You will find us always on the job --The United States Marines.Here's health to you and to our CorpsWhich we are proud to serve;In many a strife we've fought for lifeAnd never lost our nerve.If the Army and the NavyEver look on Heaven's scenes,They will find the streets are guardedBy United States Marines.

  4. 1803-war again (Britain vs. France) • Both countries wanted to stop neutral countries from supplying supplies to the other country • Britain captured hundreds of American ships and made any sailor they found that was a deserter of the British navy to serve on their warships (impressment)- thousands of American citizens were pressed too!! • US Response- Embargo Act -1807- banned trading with all foreign nations • (affected the US more than anyone) • REPEAL: replace with the NON-Intercourse Act- 1809- banned trade only with Britain and France- and the US would renew trade with the first side that stopped violating U.S. neutrality • Madison elected in 1809

  5. Trouble on the Frontier • Indians angry over the Treaty of Greenville- Britain supplied them with military aid • Tecumseh- Shawnee Indians Chief- wanted to unite all Indians to oppose the American settlers- settle around Tippecanoe 1811- Henry Harrison provoked attack on Indians – led to The Battle of Tippecanoe (Indians attacked first)- Indians couldn’t handle the Americans and retreated- Harrison destroyed Tecumseh's village

  6. War Hawks: Congress members who wanted to declare war on Britain (west and south) Opponents of the War Hawks: Federalists from New England- wanted friendly business ties- no fighting

  7. President James Madison- Republican encourages Congress to…….. • DECLARE WAR • Congress split: • FOR WAR: Southern and Western States • Against: New England, New York, New Jersey and Delaware • War Hawks win out- Congress Declares War for the first time in history • Madison gets elected to a second term and serves as Commander in Chief during The War of 1812

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