1 / 42

Lab Activity #7.1

Lab Activity #7.1. The Heart & Circulation. Most simply stated, the major function of the cardiovascular system is TRANSPORTATION. Substances carried in the blood include…. Oxygen Carbon Dioxide Nutrients Cell wastes Hormones. The Heart. Size of a fist Weighs less than a pound

margiehammond
Télécharger la présentation

Lab Activity #7.1

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Lab Activity #7.1 The Heart & Circulation

  2. Most simply stated, the major function of the cardiovascular system is TRANSPORTATION.

  3. Substances carried in the blood include… • Oxygen • Carbon Dioxide • Nutrients • Cell wastes • Hormones

  4. The Heart • Size of a fist • Weighs less than a pound • Apex directed toward left hip, and rest on diaphragm • Bulk of mass between 2nd and 6th rib • About 2/3 of heart is left of median

  5. Interesting facts… • The heart beats 100,000 times a day • Approximately 35 million times a year • 2.5 billion times during the average life span • Your 6 quarts (1.5 gallons) of blood pumped through your body 1,000 times per day • That’s 6000 quarts (1,500 gallons) of fluid that your heart pumps every day

  6. Pericardium • Double sac of serous membrane around the heart • Visceral pericardium (epicardium) • Next to heart • Actually part of heart wall • Parietal pericardium • Outside layer • Anchors heart to surrounding structure • Serous fluid fills the space between the layers of pericardium; eliminates friction

  7. Heart Wall • Three layers • Epicardium • Outside layer • AKA visceral pericardium • Connective tissue layer

  8. Heart Wall • Three layers • Myocardium • Middle layer • Mostly cardiac muscle • Layer that contracts

  9. Heart Wall • Three layers • Endocardium • Inner layer • Thin sheet of Endothelium (simple squamous membrane)

  10. Four Chambers of the Heart • Atria – on top • Receiving chambers • Atrium is singular! • Auricle is lateral “pouching” of each atrium • Ventricles – on bottom • Discharging chambers • Left ventricle has thickest wall because it pumps blood to rest of body! • Lined with endocardium to help blood flow smoothly through

  11. Heart Supporting Structures • Superior Vena Cava: carries oxygen-poor blood from body to heart (right atrium) • Inferior Vena Cava: carries oxygen-poor blood from body to heart (right atrium)

  12. Heart Supporting Structures • Pulmonary trunk: carries oxygen-poor blood from heart (right ventricle) to pulmonary arteries • Pulmonary arteries: carries oxygen-poor blood from pulmonary trunk to lungs • Only artery to carry O2 poor blood!

  13. Heart Supporting Structures • Pulmonary Veins: carries oxygen-rich blood from lungs to heart (left atrium) • Only vein to carry O2 rich blood! • Aorta: carries oxygen-rich blood from heart (left ventricle) to body • Largest artery in body

  14. The heart does 2 types of circulation… • Pulmonary Circulation • Leaves from right side of heart • Delivers CO2 waste to lungs, and picks up O2 to take back to heart • Returns to left side of heart • Systemic Circulation • Leaves from left side of heart • Delivers O2 and nutrients to body, and picks up CO2 to take back • Returns to right side of heart

  15. The Valves • The heart is equipped with four valves… • Allow blood to flow in only ONE direction through the heart chambers • Have cusps (flaps) that open & close

  16. The Valves • Have CHORDAE TENDINEAE (“heart strings”) which hold the cusps in place • Prevent backflow of blood

  17. Atrioventricular (AV) Valves • Located between the atrial and ventricular chambers • Left AV Valve: • Bicuspid (Mitral) valve • 2 cusps • Right AV Valve: • Tricuspid valve • 3 cusps • OPEN during heart relaxation and CLOSED when ventricles contracting

  18. FYI: Why the special name for the bicuspid valve? • Early anatomists thought that the bicuspid (mitral) valve looked like a bishop’s miter (their funny hat)

  19. Semilunar Valves • Guards the bases of the two large arteries leaving the ventricular chambers • Pulmonary Semilunar Valve (right) • Aortic Semilunar Valve (left) • Both have THREE cusps • CLOSED during heart relaxation and OPEN when ventricles contracting • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WXwYYsi6z7Q

  20. Blood Supply to Heart • The blood supply that oxygenates and nourishes the heart itself (myocardium) is provided by the right & left CORONARY ARTERIES, which branch from the base of the AORTA and encircle the heart in the ATRIOVENTRICULAR GROOVE.

  21. Coronary arteries branch off from the base of the aorta • Right Coronary Artery breaks into… • Posterior interventricular (on back side of heart) • Marginal • Left Coronary Artery breaks into… • Anterior interventricular • Circumflex

  22. Blood Supply to Heart • The heart (myocardium) is drained by several CARDIAC VEINS, which empty into the CORONARY SINUS, which in turn, empties into the RIGHT ATRIUM.

  23. Cardiac Veins include… • Great cardiac vein • Anterior cardiac vein • Small cardiac vein • Middle cardiac vein (on posterior side of heart)

  24. Labeling The Heart • A: Aortic Arch (Aorta) • B: Superior Vena Cava • C: (Right) Pulmonary Veins • D: Right Atrium • E: Tricuspid Valve • AB: Right Ventricle • AC: Inferior Vena Cava

  25. Labeling The Heart • AD: (Left) Pulmonary Artery • AE: Left Atrium • BC: Bicuspid (Mitral) Valve • BD: Aortic Semilunar Valve • BE: Left Ventricle • CD: Aorta

  26. Labeling The Heart • Let’s Also Label… • Pulmonary Trunk • Pulmonary Semilunar Valve • Septum • Apex

More Related