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Connective Tissue. A study in diversity. Connective Tissue. 4 major classes. Connective Tissue Fat Fibrous. 4 major classes. Connective Tissue Fat Fibrous Cartilage. 4 major classes. Connective Tissue Fat Fibrous Cartilage Bone. 4 major classes. Connective Tissue Fat
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Connective Tissue A study in diversity
4 major classes • Connective Tissue • Fat • Fibrous
4 major classes • Connective Tissue • Fat • Fibrous • Cartilage
4 major classes • Connective Tissue • Fat • Fibrous • Cartilage • Bone
4 major classes • Connective Tissue • Fat • Fibrous • Cartilage • Bone • Blood
Function of Connective Tissue • Support
Function of Connective Tissue • Support • Protection
Function of Connective Tissue • Support • Protection • Insulation
Function of Connective Tissue • Support • Protection • Insulation • Transport
Common Characteristics ? • They originate from the embryonic mesoderm
Common Characteristics ? • They originate from the embryonic mesoderm • Vasculature varies from avascular to vascular
Common Characteristics ? • They originate from the embryonic mesoderm • Vasculature varies from avascular to vascular • Makes a nonliving extracellular matrix
All connective tissue is made up of the following elements :
All connective tissue is made up of the following elements : • Ground substance
All connective tissue is made up of the following elements : • Ground substance • Fibers
All connective tissue is made up of the following elements : • Ground substance • Fibers • Cells
Ground Substance. • This is a featureless substance that is made up of water and proteins , much like raw egg whites in appearance and consistency.
The ground substance is made up of the following three components • Interstitial fluid
The ground substance is made up of the following three components • Interstitial fluid • Cell adhesion proteins
The ground substance is made up of the following three components • Interstitial fluid • Cell adhesion proteins • Proteoglycans
Interstitial Fluid • This is a solution that bathes and surrounds the cells of multicellular animals
Interstitial Fluid • This is a solution that bathes and surrounds the cells of multicellular animals • An average person has about 11 liters of interstitial fluid, providing the cells with nutrients and a means of waste removal.
Cell Adhesion Proteins (CAP) • Cell adhesion proteins (CAP) are involved in cell-cell and cell-extracellular matrix binding.
Cell Adhesion Proteins (CAP) • Cell adhesion proteins (CAP) are involved in cell-cell and cell-extracellular matrix binding. • The major classes of cell adhesion molecules are the integrins, cadherins, selectins and the immunoglobulins.
Cell Adhesion Proteins (CAP) • These are the glue that holds the cell and tissue together. They become continuous with the basement membrane and the various types of adhesion proteins such as desmosomes.
Proteoglycans • Are a complex group of proteins modified with sugar groups that control how viscous the ground substance is.
Proteoglycans • Proteoglycans are a major component of the matrix, the “filler” substance existing between cells in a tissue.
Proteoglycans • Proteoglycans are a major component of the matrix, the “filler” substance existing between cells in a tissue. • Examples of these include chondrotin sulfate and hyaluronic acid.
What are the function of these components of the matrix? • Interstitial fluid • Cell adhesion proteins • Proteoglycans
Fibers • There are three types of protein fibers which make up the matrix.
Fibers • There are three types of protein fibers which make up the matrix. • These protein fibers intermingle with the proteins of the ground substance.
Fibers • These proteins are: • Collagen fibers • Elastic fibers • Reticular fibers
Collagen • This is a heavily crossed linked protein and as a result is tough and has a high tensile strength. Grossly collagen appears white.
Collagen • It is the main component of connective tissue, and is the most abundant protein in mammals, making up about 25% to 35% of the whole-body protein content.
Collagen • It is the main component of connective tissue, and is the most abundant protein in mammals, making up about 25% to 35% of the whole-body protein content. • Collagen in tissues such as tendon, ligament and skin.
Elastic Fibers • Elastic tissue as the name implies can stretch like a rubber band
Elastic Fibers • Elastic tissue as the name implies can stretch like a rubber band • It is found in the skin and lungs
Elastic Fibers • Elastic tissue as the name implies can stretch like a rubber band • It is found in the skin and lungs • Elastin tends to deplete as people age, resulting in wrinkled or stretched out skin
Reticular Fibers • Reticular fibers crosslink to form a fine meshwork (reticulum)..
Reticular Fibers • Reticular fibers crosslink to form a fine meshwork (reticulum). • This network acts as a supporting mesh in soft tissues such as liver and bone marrow and the tissues and organs of the lymphatic system.
Cell Component • In the tissue framework are “resident cells