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Eurasian Watermilfoil Myriophyllum spicatum By: Briana Betress

Eurasian Watermilfoil Myriophyllum spicatum By: Briana Betress. Native to: Europe, Asia, and North Africa First documented in 1942, confirmed in 45 states Introduced by Aquarium trade Spread mainly by boating activity as well as naturally

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Eurasian Watermilfoil Myriophyllum spicatum By: Briana Betress

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  1. Eurasian Watermilfoil Myriophyllum spicatum By: Briana Betress

  2. Native to: Europe, Asia, and North Africa • First documented in 1942, confirmed in 45 states • Introduced by Aquarium trade • Spread mainly by boating activity as well as naturally • Habitat: Lakes, Ponds, Shallow Reservoirs, Low flow river and stream areas, brackish waters of protected tidal creeks and bays. • Especially abundant in areas of nutrient loading, intense plant management, or boat use. • Submersed, rooted, perennial herb • Whorled, finely divided leaves with leaflets in pairs of 14

  3. Why Eurasian Watermilfoil is Problematic • Ability to reproduce in fragments • High growth rate in a range of temperatures • Tolerant of a range of environmental conditions

  4. National Distribution

  5. Statewide Distribution

  6. Control Methods • Mechanical • Several cuts may be needed- like mowing your lawn • Dredging and rotavation can eliminate all plants • Mechanical harvesters are effective but costly • Chemical • May need to be repeated every 1-4 years • 2-4-D , used for dicots • Bio • Three taxa considered for use on Myriophyllum spicatum • Acentria ephemerella • Cricotopus myriophylli • Euhrychiopsis lecontei

  7. Biocontrols • Hydrilla tip mining midge- • Cricotopus myriophylli • Consumes meristem • Problems with mass rearing, and funding has slowed research • Milfoil Weevil- • Euhrychiopsis lecontei • Bores through stem, reducing buoyancy and carbohydrate storage capacity. • Pyralid Moth- Acentria ephemerella • Consumes meristem, stem, and leaves. • Unsure of host specificity

  8. Biocontrol- Milfoil Weevil • Larvae are stem miners • Insectivorous fish may be decreasing weevil populations • Euhrychiopsis lecontei • 3mm in length • Completes all life stages submersed Egg Larva Pupa Adult

  9. Any Questions? library.umf.maine.edu/plagiarism/credit2.html

  10. References • http://www.forestryimages.org/images/384x256/0002004.jpg • http://plants.usda.gov/java/profile?symbol=MYSP2 • library.umf.maine.edu/plagiarism/credit2.html • www.cnipm.org/images/Myriophyllum_spicatum.jpg • http://nas.er.usgs.gov/taxgroup/plants/docs/my_spica.html • http://www.hear.org/Pier/images/myspi12.jpg • http://fwcb.cfans.umn.edu/research/milfoil/milfoilbc/bcresearch.html • http://www.rcweeds.org/Weed_List/IMAG045.JPG

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