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Acids and Bases

Acids and Bases. Arrhenius Definitions: When reacting with water , Acids release hydrogen ions (ex: HNO 3 ) Bases release hydroxide ions (ex: NaOH ) Salts are ionic compounds that release neither hydrogen ions nor hydroxide ions . Episode 1101. Expanded Definitions.

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Acids and Bases

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  1. Acids and Bases • Arrhenius Definitions: • When reacting with water, • Acids release hydrogen ions (ex: HNO3) • Bases release hydroxide ions (ex: NaOH) • Salts are ionic compounds that release neither hydrogen ions nor hydroxide ions Episode 1101

  2. Expanded Definitions • Bronsted-Lowery Definition: • Acids donate hydrogen ions • Bases receive hydrogen ions • Ampherteric: serves as both an acid and a base • Lewis Definition: • Acids receive electron pairs • Bases donate electron pairs Episode 1101

  3. Operational Definitions • Acids: • Sour taste • React with metals to produce hydrogen gas • Electrolytes • Turn acid – base indicators different colors • React with bases to produce salt and water Episode 1101

  4. Operational Definition • Bases: • Bitter taste • Slippery • Electrolytes • Turn acid – base indicators different colors • React with acids to produce salt and water Episode 1101

  5. Naming Bases and Salts • To name bases and salts follow the standard rules for naming ionic compounds. • NaOH • Sodium hydroxide • CaCl2 • Calcium chloride Episode 1101

  6. Naming Acids • Binary Acid • Only two elements • First element is hydrogen • Named - - hydro _____ic acid • HCl • Hydrochloric acid Episode 1101

  7. Naming Acids • Ternary Acids • Three elements • First element is hydrogen • Other elements are part of a polyatomic ion • Naming does not require a prefix • ATE IC • ITE  OUS • H2SO4 • Sulfuric acid • H2SO3 • Sulfurous acid Episode 1101

  8. Examples • H3PO4 • Phosphoric acid • HF • Hydrofluoric acid • HClO2 • Chlorous acid • Name the following acids: • HBr • HNO3 • HNO2 • HI Episode 1101

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