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Classifying matter

Classifying matter. Ch. 2. Pure Substances. - matter that always has the same composition Every sample of the substances always has to same properties Uniform composition, fixed properties. Elements. Cannot be broken down into simple substances

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Classifying matter

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  1. Classifying matter Ch. 2

  2. Pure Substances • - matter that always has the same composition • Every sample of the substances always has to same properties • Uniform composition, fixed properties

  3. Elements • Cannot be broken down into simple substances • Contains only 1 type of atom(smallest particle of an element) • Symbols • 1st letter always capitalized, 2nd never • Same globally • Ex:

  4. Compounds • Substance made of 2 or more simpler substances • Can be broken down into simpler substances • Properties differ from the elements in which its made • Has a fixed proportion • Ex:

  5. Mixtures • Retain some properties of individual substances • Composition is not fixed

  6. Mixtures Heterogeneous Homogenous • Different types of substances • Unevenly mixed • Appears to be only 1 substance • Evenly mixed

  7. Solution • Homogenous Mixtures • Particles are too small- to settle out, to be trapped by filter, or scatter light • Ex:

  8. Suspension • Heterogeneous Mixtures • Separates into layers over time • Particles are trapped by filters, and can scatter light • Ex:

  9. Colloid • Heterogeneous Mixture • Particles never settle out • Scatter light= Tyndall Effect • Ex:

  10. Physical properties Ch. 2.2

  11. Physical Properties • Characteristics of matter • Observed/ measured without changing the composition

  12. Physical Properties Viscosity Conductivity • Resistance to flow • High viscosity= slow • Low viscosity= fast • Decreases with heat • Ability for heat to flow • High conductivity= conductors

  13. Physical Properties Malleability Hardness • Ability to be hammered without shattering • Ability to scratch another surface • Diamond- hardest known material

  14. Physical Properties Melting/Boiling Points Density • Temp. which solid turn liquid- melting point • Temp. which liquid turns gas- boiling point • Test purity of a substance

  15. Using Physical Properties • ID Materials • 1-decide which properties to test • 2-test the sample of unknown • 3- compare results to known • Choose Materials • Look at properties for specific uses

  16. Using Physical Properties • Filtration • Process that separates materials based on particle • Distillation • Process that separates substances based on boiling points

  17. Physical Change • Properties change • Substances materials remain the same!

  18. 2.3 Chemical Properties

  19. Chemical Properties • Ability to produce a change in the composition of matter • 1 substance changes into another

  20. Chemical Properties Flammability Reactivity • Ability to burn in presence of oxygen • How readily a substance combines chemically with other substances

  21. Chemical Change • 1 substances reacts with another to form 1 or more new substances

  22. Signs of Chemical Change • Color Change- • Production of Gas- • Formation of Precipitate-

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