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Portland

This article discusses the evolving landscape of data centers in the cloud computing era, emphasizing the growing size and complexity to achieve economies of scale. As data centers expand to potentially include hundreds of thousands of servers, efficiency in management becomes paramount. Key focuses include high scalability, transparent VM migration, efficient communication, and fault tolerance within data center networks (DCN). The PortLand architecture is presented as a potential solution, highlighting its unique Layer 2 protocol and features aimed at overcoming existing technology limitations.

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Portland

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  1. Portland J. K. Kim

  2. Trend of Data Center By J. Nicholas Hoover ,  InformationWeek June 17, 2008 04:00 AM 200 million Euro http://gigaom.com/cloud/google-builds-megadata-center-in-finland/ http://www.datacenterknowledge.com • Data centers will be larger and larger in the future cloud computing era to benefit from commodities of scale. • Tens of thousand  Hundreds of thousands in # of servers • Most important things in data center management • Commodities of scale • Keep High utilization of their expensive equipment • Maximize revenue • Saving administration cost • Low power consumption (http://www.energystar.gov/ia/partners/prod_development/downloads/EPA_Datacenter_Report_Congress_Final1.pdf)

  3. Requirements for future data center • To catch up with the trend of mega data center, DCN technology should meet the requirements as below • High Scalability • Transparent VM migration (high agility) • Easy deployment requiring less human administration • Efficient communication • Loop free forwarding • Fault Tolerant • Current DCN technology can’t meet the requirements. • Layer 3 protocol can not support the transparent VM migration. • Current Layer 2 protocol is not scalable due to the size of forwarding table and native broadcasting for address resolution.

  4. Overall Idea of PortLand Add a new host • Key features • Layer 2 protocol based on tree topology • PMAC encode the position information • Data forwarding proceeds based on PMAC • Edge switch’s responsible for mapping between PMAC and AMAC • Fabric manger’s responsible for address resolution • Edge switch makes PMAC invisible to end host • Each switch node can identify its position by itself • Fabric manager keep information of overall topology. Corresponding to the fault, it notifies affected nodes. Transfer a packet

  5. Questions in discussion board • Question about Fabric Manager • How to make Fabric Manager robust ? • How to build scalable Fabric Manager ?  Redundant deployment or cluster Fabric manager could be solution • Question about reality of base-line tree topology • Is the tree topology common in real world ?  Yes, multi-rooted tree topology has been a traditional topology in data center. [A scalable, commodity data center network architecture Mohammad La-Fares and et el, SIGCOMM ‘08]

  6. Discussion points • Is the PortLand applicable to other topology ?  The Idea of central ARP management could be applicable. To solve forwarding loop problem, TRILL header-like method would be necessary. The benefits of PMAC ? It would require larger size of forwarding table. • Question about benefits from VM migration • VM migration helps to reduce traffic going through aggregate/core switches. • How about user requirement change? • How about power consumption ? • ETC • Feasibility to mimic PortLand on layer 3 protocol. • How about using pseudo IP ? • Delay to boot up whole data center

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