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Sleep and Biological Rhythms

Sleep and Biological Rhythms. Introduction Measuring Sleep Stages of Wakefulness and Sleep Why Do We Sleep? Physiological Mechanisms of Sleep Biological Clocks. Dolphin Brain during Sleep. Neurotransmitters Involved in Arousal. Neural Control of Slow-Wave Sleep.

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Sleep and Biological Rhythms

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  1. Sleep and Biological Rhythms • Introduction • Measuring Sleep • Stages of Wakefulness and Sleep • Why Do We Sleep? • Physiological Mechanisms of Sleep • Biological Clocks

  2. Dolphin Brain during Sleep

  3. Neurotransmitters Involved in Arousal

  4. Neural Control of Slow-Wave Sleep • Ventrolateral preoptic area (basal forebrain, in front of the hypothalamus; vlPOA) • Destruction -> insomnia, coma, & death • Injection of adenosine into the basal forebrain produces sleep • Sleep promoting brain area of the Sleep/Waking Flip-Flop (Sleep ON neurons)

  5. Sleep/Waking Flip-Flop

  6. Sleep/Waking Flip-Flop

  7. Neural Control of REM Sleep • REM ON region: sublaterodorsal nucleus (SLD) located in the dorsal pons • REM OFF region: ventolateral periaqueductal gray matter (vlPAG) located in the midbrain • These two structures make up the REM Sleep Flip-Flop

  8. REM Sleep Flip-Flop

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