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Temperature and pressure

Temperature and pressure. Remember: Temperature is the average speed of molecules. Predictions: What do you think happens to Pressure as Temperature Increases? What do you think happens to Pressure as Temperature Decreases?. Temperature, pressure, and density.

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Temperature and pressure

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  1. Temperature and pressure • Remember: Temperature is the average speed of molecules. Predictions: • What do you think happens to Pressure as Temperature Increases? • What do you think happens to Pressure as Temperature Decreases?

  2. Temperature, pressure, and density • When temperature , pressure , density • When temperature , pressure , density • Why? • Pressure decreases the farther away from Earth’s surface because there is less stuff • Pressure increases the closer towards Earth’s surface because there is more stuff pressing down on you. • Why does temperature decrease in the troposphere as you move away from Earth?

  3. What is wind? • How heat flows on land. • Cool Air Sinks and forces Warm Air to Rise • Air moves from high pressure (cool) to low pressure (warm) areas • Current carries heat through water. • Wind speeds increase the farther up in the atmosphere you go.

  4. Humidity • The amount of water vapor in the air. • Relative Humidity: How much water a parcel of air is capable of holding. • Changes with temperature • What is a Parcel: • Think balloon containing air

  5. Dew Point • Temperature air needs to be cooled to until it can hold no more water • Remember cold air can hold less stuff then warm air. • At this point water will condense • On the right stuff this condensation of water forms clouds Dew ≠ Rain Cloud Condensation ≠ Rain

  6. How do clouds form? 1stStep: We Need Condensation Nuclei 2nd Step: Air Needs to Be Lifted What’s that? Moist Air Rises and Expands Most Common: 1). Lifted Over A Mountain… Orographic Lifting 2). Frontal Wedging Meeting a very different air mass

  7. Somehow….we need to get air to rise… • Orographic Lifting: • Mountain is more dense, So the air rises over. • Frontal Wedging Dry adiabatic cooling rate *10C/1000 m When does air stop cooling at this rate?

  8. Types of clouds Height Descriptions = Prefixes Shape = 2nd half 1). Cirro: Very High Clouds 2). Alto: Middle Clouds 3). Strato: Low Clouds Cirrus: Thin Wispy like hair Cumulus: Big Puffy/ Lumpy Clouds Cotton Balls Stratus: Continuous Cloud Nimbus = Storm Cloud

  9. Identify that cloud Cirrus

  10. Identify that cloud Cirrocumulus

  11. Identify that cloud Cirrostratus

  12. Identify that cloud Altostratus

  13. Identify that cloud Altocumulus

  14. Identify that cloud Stratocumulus

  15. Identify that cloud Cumulonimbus

  16. Identify that cloud Stratonimbus

  17. Types of stability Stable Atmosphere Unstable Atmosphere Air is sinking; high pressure Clouds are thin or not present Air is rising; low pressure Clouds tall Intense Precipitation possible Severe storms possible

  18. Fog • When the dew point of water vapor is reached close to the surface • Advection Fog: Happens during the morning hours • Horizontal movement of warm moist air from over water to land where temperatures are cooler. • Radiation Fog: happens on cool/clear nights • Heat escapes from Earth and Earth cools down

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