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Ch. 31: Decolonization

Ch. 31: Decolonization. A. New Nations. Decolonization in Africa. B. Patterns of Decolonization:. 1. Violent Revolutions & Civil War: China, Algeria, Angola, & Vietnam 2. Non-Violent Independence: India, Ghana, & Turkey ( Kemal Ataturk) 3. BOTH violent & non-violent:

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Ch. 31: Decolonization

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  1. Ch. 31: Decolonization

  2. A. New Nations

  3. Decolonization in Africa

  4. B. Patterns of Decolonization: 1. Violent Revolutions & Civil War: China, Algeria, Angola, & Vietnam 2. Non-Violent Independence: India, Ghana, & Turkey (Kemal Ataturk) 3. BOTH violent & non-violent: Kenya, Congo, Egypt, & South Africa * Guatemala (1954): CIA overthrows the Guatemalan President who attempted to take land from the U.S.-owned United Fruit Co.

  5. C. Algeria Goals: • independence from French Rule • Arab Nationalism Methods: • FLN (National Liberation Front) • used violence, guerilla warfare, terrorism, torture • 8 year civil war (1954-1962)

  6. D. Sub-Saharan Africa Independence • Less violent overall, but suffered from: • arbitrarily drawn borders • dependence on export crops • lack of roads & railroads *Egyptian coup led by Gamal Abdel Nasser: nationalized Suez Canal (1956)…war w/ Israel • African National Congress (ANC) leaders: • Ghana: Kwame Nkrumah • Kenya: Jomo Kenyatta

  7. Kwame Nkrumah & Jomo Kenyatta

  8. E. Race Conflict in Africa Race conflict severe in southern Africa: • Portuguese colonies of Angola & Mozambique • British colony of Southern Rhodesia (Zimbabwe) • South Africa (Apartheid system)

  9. F. The “Third” World • “Third World”= newly decolonized “nonaligned” countries within the “bipolar” Cold War • 1955: Bandung Conference meeting of 29 African & Asian countries by the Indonesian President Sukarno - role of Soviets & U.S.?

  10. II. Chinese Cultural Revolution • 1949: communist victory by Mao Zedong & creation of People’s Republic of China (PRC) • 1958: Mao’s “Great Leap Forward” to industrialize PRC • 1966: Cultural Revolution (creation of Red Guard units to purge dissidents…3 million killed)

  11. III. The Middle East • Arab-Israeli conflict: 1947: U.N. Partition into Jewish & Palestinian land 1948: creation of Israel…war w/ Arabs 1967: Six-Day War…led to creation of Palestinian Liberation Organization (PLO) by Yasir Arafat Munich Olympics hostage

  12. Middle East Oil: oil-producing states formed OPEC:Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries - monopoly on oil supply - Yom Kippur War (1973) against Israel led OPEC to embargo oil to U.S. for supporting Israel…

  13. IV. Global Environmental Concerns • Overpopulation fears - “Green Revolution”: agricultural tech increased food supply - overuse of pesticides/herbicides - Rachel Carson’s Silent Spring • Industrial & Nuclear Waste - 1970: Earth Day

  14. Outline: • Thesis (2-3 sentences) • Economic • Social • Political • *1 diff. & 1 similarity for each)

  15. Thesis?

  16. Thesis?

  17. Thesis?

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