COURSE INTRODUCTION

1. COURSEINTRODUCTION 1

2. Lecturers Course Coordinator/Lecturer Dr. RozanaAinaMaulatOsman Lecturer Dr. NurulIzzaMohd Nor Dr. OngSiokLan

3. Course Synopsis • This course provides introductory of digital concept mainly numbering system, operation & codes, Boolean Algebra, and basic logic gates. • Students are exposed to logic design, particularly combinational logic functions and sequential circuit design.

4. Course Outcomes (COs) Ability to define, convert and demonstrate arithmetic in various number systems 1 Ability to illustrate, apply and analyze Boolean Algebra to minimize the design of a logic circuit 2 Ability to describe, produce and design combinational logic circuits design 3 Ability to identify, design and evaluate synchronous and asynchronous sequential circuits design 4

5. Grading EXAMS – 70% COURSEWORK – 30%

6. Main Reference 1 MAIN TEXT Floyd, T. L. (2009). “Digital Fundamentals”, 10th Edition, Prentice Hall.

7. Additional References 1 TEXT 1 Floyd, Tocci (2007). (Compiled by Rafikha Aliana A. Raof et al.) “Digital Electronics Design”, Pearson/Prentice Hall, 2007 (revised). 2 TEXT 2 Tocci, R. J. et al (2006). “Digital Systems: Prinsiples and Applications”, 10th Edition, Prentice Hall.

8. Course Outline • Basic of Digital Electronic • Digital Electronic, Digital vs Analog • Number System & Codes • Logic Circuit • Boolean Function • Karnaugh Map • Combinational Logic Circuit • Arithmetic (Adder, Subtractor, Multiplier) • Converters • Comparators • Multiplexer/Demultiplexer • Parity Generator/Checker • Sequential Logic Circuit • Latches • Flip-flops • Shift Registers

9. INTRODUCTORY CONCEPT 1

10. Digital & Analog Quantities • Two ways of representing the numerical values of quantities : • Analog (continuous) • Digital (discrete) • Analog: a quantity represented by voltage, current or meter movement that is proportional to the value that quantity • Digital: the quantities are represented not by proportional quantities but by symbols called digits

11. Digital & Analog Systems • Digital system • combination of devices designed to manipulate logical information or physical quantities that are represented in digital forms • E.g. digital computers and calculators, digital audio/video equipments, telephone system. • Analog system • contains devices manipulate physical quantities that are represented in analog form • E.g. audio amplifiers, magnetic tape recording and playback equipment, and simple light dimmer switch

12. Examples Basic audio PA (public address) system Analog system CD player Digital system

13. Digital Advantages • Easier to design • Efficient information storage • Easier to maintain accuracy & precision throughout system • Easier to program • Less affected by noise • More design can be fabricated on IC chips

14. Analog Quantities Continuous values

15. Digital Quantities

16. VH(max) HIGH VH(min) Invalid VL(max) LOW VL(min) Digital Quantities Binary Digits and Logic Levels Digital electronics uses circuits that have two states, which are represented by two different voltage levels called HIGH and LOW. The voltages represent numbers in the binary system. In binary, a single number is called a bit (for binary digit). A bit can have the value of either a 0 or a 1, depending on if the voltage is HIGH or LOW.

17. Digital Quantities Digital Waveform

18. Digital Quantities Digital Waveform Non-periodic Periodic SOLVE THIS: Measure the timing quantities for this waveform