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Stuart S. Sumida Biology 342 Phylogeny of Basal Amniota

Stuart S. Sumida Biology 342 Phylogeny of Basal Amniota. What we used to think. Mammals Birds. “Mammal-like Reptiles”. PRIMITIVE REPTILES. Amphibians. Um.........NO. Mammals Birds. “Mammal-like Reptiles”.

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Stuart S. Sumida Biology 342 Phylogeny of Basal Amniota

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  1. Stuart S. Sumida Biology 342 Phylogeny of Basal Amniota

  2. What we used to think... Mammals Birds “Mammal-like Reptiles” PRIMITIVE REPTILES Amphibians

  3. Um.........NO. Mammals Birds “Mammal-like Reptiles” PRIMITIVE REPTILES Amphibians

  4. Panderichthyid Most Reptilia Sarcoptrygians Amphibians Diadectomorpha Synapsida (including Aves)

  5. Panderichthyid Most Synapsida Reptilia Sarcoptrygians Amphibians Diadectomorpha (Mammals) (including Aves) AMNIOTA (FOR SURE)

  6. Panderichthyid Most Synapsida Reptilia Sarcoptrygians Amphibians Diadectomorpha (Mammals) (including Aves) AMNIOTA (FOR SURE) Amniota?

  7. Panderichthyid Most Synapsida Reptilia Sarcoptrygians Amphibians Diadectomorpha (Mammals) (including Aves) AMNIOTA (FOR SURE) Amniota? TETRAPODA

  8. Panderichthyid Most Synapsida Reptilia Sarcoptrygians Amphibians Diadectomorpha (Mammals) (including Aves) AMNIOTA (FOR SURE) Amniota?

  9. Other Sarcopterygians Panderichthyids Ichthyostegalia Dissorophoids Lissamphibia Anthracosauria Seymouriamorpha Diadectomorpha Amniota Sarcopterygii Tetrapoda The road to reptiles

  10. Advanced Seymouriamorpha Amphibian: Seymouria sanjuanensis – from the Early Permian of Europe and the U.S.

  11. Amniotes: have four embryonic structures that reside outside the embryo to help it survive: • Amnion • Yolk sac • Chorion • Allantois

  12. Other Sarcopterygians Panderichthyids Ichthyostegalia Dissorophoids Lissamphibia Anthracosauria Seymouriamorpha Diadectomorpha Amniota Sarcopterygii Tetrapoda The road to reptiles

  13. Diadectomorpha: • No intertemporal bone like other amniotes • Very terrestrially adapted

  14. Orobatespabsti, a new genus of diadectomorph– found in both North America and central Germany

  15. Orobatespabsti, a new genus of diadectomorph– found in both North America and central Germany 10 cm

  16. Orobatespabsti, a new genus of diadectomorph– found in both North America and central Germany 1 cm

  17. Diadectes – this genus found in Utah, New Mexico, Texas, Oklahoma, and central Germany

  18. “Amphibia” Amniota Seymouriamorpha Diadectomorpha Synapsida Parareptilia Captorhinidae Diapsida Archosauromorpha Reptilia Amniota

  19. Amniotes: have four embryonic structures that reside outside the embryo to help it survive: • Amnion • Yolk sac • Chorion • Allantois

  20. Remember, we’re studying AMNIOTES. • Defined by: • EMBRYOLOGICAL FEATURES: amnion, chorion, allantois, yolk sac. • ANATOMICAL FEATURES: lack of an intertemporal bone. • ALSO, FUNCTIONAL FEATURES: • Costal breathing (inhaling using movement of the ribs). • Active exhalation using movement of ribs to push air out.

  21. “Amphibia” Amniota Seymouriamorpha Diadectomorpha Synapsida Parareptilia Captorhinidae Diapsida Archosauromorpha Reptilia Amniota

  22. Basal Synapsida (“Pelycosauria”): A single opening on side of skull

  23. “Amphibia” Amniota Seymouriamorpha Diadectomorpha Synapsida Parareptilia Captorhinidae Diapsida Archosauromorpha Reptilia Amniota

  24. PARAREPTILIA Includes: • Mesosauria • Bolosauridae • Procolophonia • Paraiesauria

  25. Mesosaurus: A member of Mesosauria

  26. Eudibamuscursoris(a bolosaur) The earliest known bipedal vertebrate From the Early Permian (~280 million years old) of central Germany.

  27. Bradysaurus: A member of the Parieasauria

  28. Parieasaurs have lumpy, bumpy skulls Scutosaurus

  29. “Amphibia” Amniota Seymouriamorpha Diadectomorpha Synapsida Parareptilia Captorhinidae Diapsida Archosauromorpha Reptilia Amniota

  30. Basal Captorhinid: Eocaptorhinus

  31. 1 cm New taxon: (Albright, in prep) New, miniature, captorhinid with three rows of dentary and maxillary teeth.

  32. 1 cm

  33. Size Range in Captorhinid Reptiles (All specimens collected by Everett C. Olson.) 1 cm New taxon

  34. “Amphibia” Amniota Seymouriamorpha Diadectomorpha Synapsida Parareptilia Captorhinidae Diapsida Archosauromorpha Reptilia Amniota

  35. Basal Diapsid: Petrolacosaurus Note: TWO holes (fenestrae) on side of skull Known back to Late Pennsylvanian

  36. Diapsida includes: • Many extinct forms • Squamata • Archosauromorpha • Squamata includes living lizards and snakes.

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