Chemistry of Living Things

1. Chemistry of Living Things Organic Compounds

2. Types of Compounds • Easy definition: • Organic – compounds that contain carbon and have a biological origin • Inorganic – doesn’t

3. Organic Compounds • Contains carbon atoms that are covalently bonded to other carbon atoms and/or other elements. • Typically hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen • All living things are made of organic compounds

4. Carbon Bonding • Carbon – 4 electrons in outer energy level • Forms four covalent bonds • Carbon typically bond with other carbon molecules

6. Single Bonding

7. Can also make double and triple bonds • Benzene Ring Acetylene

8. Functional Groups • Influences the properties of the molecules they compose

9. Functional Group Example:Hydroxyl Group (-OH) • Hydroxyl groups form alcohols • Makes the non-polar molecule polar • Allows for hydrogen bonds • Ethanol

10. Large Carbon Molecules • Large carbon molecules are made of smaller parts called monomers. • Polymer –chain of organic molecules bonded together • Have similar or identical structure to each other • Large polymers are called Macromolecules

11. Condensation Reactions • Type of reaction used when two monomers are linked together. • Energy is needed to put the two together

12. Condensation Reaction Continued + H2O Sucrose (table sugar)

13. Hydrolysis Reaction • Exactly the opposite of condensation • Releases Energy **Sucrase is an enzyme that catalyzes the reaction shown**

14. Energy • The main energy molecule of life is Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP) • Phosphates are removed from the molecule (in water) and it releases energy