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12 years INRNE Hi-Tech HEP Group in the Accelerator Physics

12 years INRNE Hi-Tech HEP Group in the Accelerator Physics. G. Asova, I. Tsakov, I. Bonev Institute of Nuclear Research and Nuclear Energy Bulgarian Academy of Science. Outlook. Hi-Tech group in INRNE Activities Activities in DESY Results Photo-Injector Test Facility at DESY in Zeuthen

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12 years INRNE Hi-Tech HEP Group in the Accelerator Physics

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  1. 12 years INRNE Hi-Tech HEP Group in the Accelerator Physics G. Asova, I. Tsakov, I. Bonev Institute of Nuclear Research and Nuclear Energy Bulgarian Academy of Science

  2. Outlook • Hi-Tech group in INRNE • Activities • Activities in DESY • Results • Photo-Injector Test Facility at DESY in Zeuthen • Transverse phase space diagnostics • Single slit scan with EMSY • Tomographic reconstruction • Examples with experimental data • Summary Asova, Tsakov, Bonev

  3. INRNE Hi-Tech group • A small but active group was created around the INRNE Innovation Bureau “INRNE Hi-Tech High Energy Physics Group”. • Found in the mid 1990-s by Assoc. Prof. Dr. Ivan Tsakov • Specialized on design and mass production of specific unique scientific apparata for experiments and application in the field of HEP experiments and accelerator physics for JINR, CERN and DESY Asova, Tsakov, Bonev

  4. DESY Zeuthen DESY Hamburg Hi-Tech activities • Members working on hardware, software, mechanics, theoretical and experimental physics • ‘Sphere’ and ‘Becquerel’ in JINR • CMS, ATLAS, CLOUD in CERN – core software, design and construction • HERA-B, H1, FLASH and PITZ in DESY – design and operation of measurement devices, data analysis • Co-authors of more than 70 papers and conferences proceedings • 3 PhD theses defended, 2 are in final stage of preparation • 5 bachelors and 5 masters theses finisheduntil now Asova, Tsakov, Bonev

  5. Hi-Tech Group in DESY • Good international reputation -due to achieved results and group activity and under the invitation by the INRNE Director Prof.J. Stamenov, CoresspondingMember of BAS, our group has been visited by a lot of wellknownphysicists as Prof. Malakhov, Prof. Krasavin, Prof. Rusakovich, Prof. Shelkov, Prof.Golutvin, Prof.Kadyshevski, Dr.Klein, Dr.Pitzl,Dr.Jenni, Dr. Walter, Prof.Wagner, Dr.Kirkby, Dr. Stephan, etc. • Dr.U.Gensch, DESY Zeuthen director representative, visit in 2003 Sofia →the INRNE became a member of thePhoto-InjectorTest Facility at DESY in Zeuthencollaboration • financial support by the VI-th Framework Program • further activity endeavored by F. Stephan, PITZ spokes person, Sofia 2009 • Dr.Trinesand Dr. Brinkmann, DESY directorate representatives, visit → INRNE involved in the DESY FLASHproject • 2007 visit of the current BAS President Acad. N. Sabotinov in DESY → involving BAS in the European XFEL Asova, Tsakov, Bonev

  6. Results 1998 - 2008 • DESY director Prof. A. Wagner – talk on the XFEL purposes and possibilities • Mrs. Ekaterina Vitkova, Science and Education Minister → General Agreement, BAS involved in the XFEL, 2008 • 14 devices developed and finalized under contracts with Dubna JINR, CERN, DESY on the base of signed protocols with • JINR Laboratories of HEP, Radiobiology, Nuclear Problems • DESY HERA-B and H1 gas systems, PITZ, FLASH, XFEL Minister Vitkova, Prof. Stamenov, Acad. Sabotinov, Prof. Wagner, Dr. Tsakov Asova, Tsakov, Bonev

  7. RF waveguide dry air system, XFEL 4 Emittance Measurement Systems EMSY, PITZ → 2 PhDs defended Prof. Stamenov, I. Tsakov, F. Stephan, G. Trowitzsch Dipl. Eng, I. Bonev Asova, Tsakov, Bonev

  8. Booster p ~ 30 MeV/c Gun & solenoids 60 MV/m p ~ 7 MeV/c Cs2Te photocathode Transverse emittance (EMSYs, quadrupoles) Photo-Injector Test Facility at DESY in Zeuthen Characterization and optimization of high brightness sources for linac based FELs like FLASH and the XFEL Asova, Tsakov, Bonev

  9. Single slit emittance measurement with EMSY emittance dominated beamlets → linear transport is valid Image courtesy L. Staykov • direct measurement for space-charge dominated beams • sensitive to signal to noise, especially for lateral beamlets → low-charge limited • applicable to relatively low energies (due to divergence) • not 2D simultaneously Asova, Tsakov, Bonev

  10. Results year 2009, nominal charge 1 nC* 10 preliminary results • Laser temporal profile: 2.1/23.1/2.4 ps • Laser spot size = 0.36 mm 3.0 x’ [mrad] 2.5 y=1.26 um ey=1.26 mm mrad 2.0 e mm mrad 1.5 y’ [mrad] 1.0 Xemit Yemit 0.5 x=0.76 um ex=0.76 mm mrad XYemit 0.0 378 380 382 384 386 388 390 392 394 Imain, A min. exy = 0.98 mm mrad 100% RMS emittance • F. Stephan, High Brightness Beam Measurements @ PITZ, Maui 2009 • Major part of the analysis L. Staykov, beforehand V. Miltchev Asova, Tsakov, Bonev

  11. Slit scan - summary Asova, Tsakov, Bonev

  12. Tomography • J. Radon (1917) – reconstruction of an N-dimensional object from an infinite set of its (N-1)-dimensional projections◊ • Full 2p rotation of the object in small equidistant angular steps • [Math. Phys, Klasse 69: 262-277] • IEEE transactions 1986 Asova, Tsakov, Bonev

  13. FODO cell (focusing – drift – defocusing – drift) Phase-space tomographic reconstruction • equidistant angular steps between the screens for both planes → 2D • rms spot size is uncharged • the beam parameters at the entrance of the lattice are adjusted • the data treatment assumeslinear transport between the screens Asova, Tsakov, Bonev

  14. z Tomography at PITZ Position of reconstruction Identical cell cell length 0.76 m quadrupole: max g = |6 T/m|, Leff = 0.043 m phase advance f = 45° p = 15 – 40 MeV/c Q = 1 nC e = 1 mm mrad → The beam is space-charge dominated in the full energy range. Still, linear transport is needed. Asova, Tsakov, Bonev

  15. Applicability of different algorithms to limited data sets Reconstruction with limited data sets • N rotations → N projections of the (x, y) • Which algorithms are applicable to small N? → N = 4 Backprojection Filtered backprojection Algebraic reconstruction Maximum entropy @ UMER, PITZ? @ FLASH, PITZ C++ & ROOT code developed for PITZ Asova, Tsakov, Bonev

  16. MAD* by ASTRA** bx Matching – linear case Quadrupole strength k should be defined so that it guarantees periodicity along the FODO lattice. Δx,y < 1 % → Δex = 0.07 % e = 1.2 mm mrad , p = 32 MeV/c, dE/E << 1% Asova, Tsakov, Bonev * Methodical Accelerator Design ** A Space charge Tracking Algorithm

  17. MAD by ASTRA bx` Matching – including particles’ repulsion Δx = 6 % Δy = 3 % → Δex = 2.5 % e = 1.2 mm mrad , p = 32 MeV/c, dE/E << 1% Asova, Tsakov, Bonev

  18. Experimental test with quadrupole scan setup 2 magnets needed booster Quad Q1 Quad Q3 screen EMSY1 varied fixed Measure emittance 5.15 m – position of reconstruction and then transport to EMSY1 Observation screen has to be the closest to the position of reconstruction Asova, Tsakov, Bonev

  19. Reconstruction of 0.5 nC, Gaussian pulse 13 projections ex, N = 1.885 mm mrad ex, N = 1.823 mm mrad 19 projections Asova, Tsakov, Bonev

  20. 23 ps FWHM, RT/FT = 2.3ps 0.5 0 -0.5 -2 0 2 Reconstruction of 1 nC, flat-top profile Solenoid current corresponding to the measured minimum emittance Slit scan Tomography ex, N = 1.07 mm mrad ex, N = 1.39 mm mrad • Common features in both distributions • the reconstruction shows bigger area where charge can be distributed Asova, Tsakov, Bonev

  21. 385 A, EMSY, 0.5 % intensity cut Reconstruction of 1 nC, flat-top profile 0.5 % intensity cut → 5 pC Slit scan Tomography 0.5 0 -0.5 -2 0 2 ex, N = 1.07 mm mrad ex, N = 1.37 mm mrad • Common features in both distributions • elongated non-symmetric tales • non-symmetric density of the core Asova, Tsakov, Bonev

  22. Solenoid scan… sxx' = 0.08 mm mrad ex, N = 0.99 mm mrad sxx' = 0.04 mm mrad ex, N = 1.18 mm mrad sxx' = 0.1 mm mrad ex, N = 1.13 mm mrad sxx' = 0.17 mm mrad ex, N = 1.33 mm mrad Asova, Tsakov, Bonev

  23. The PITZ collaboration Colleagues actively participating in measurements / new design: • LAL Orsay:M. Jore, A. Variola • LASA Milano:P. Michelato, L. Monaco, D. Sertore • LNF Frascati:D. Alesini, L. Ficcadenti • MBI Berlin:G. Klemz, I. Will • TU Darmstadt:E. Arevalo, W. Müller • Uni Hamburg:J. Rönsch • YERPHI Yerevan:L. Hakobyan, M. Khojoyan • DESY, Zeuthen site:J. Bähr, A. Barnyakov*, H.J. Grabosch, Y. Ivanisenko, M. Hänel, M. Krasilnikov, M. Nozdrin**, M. Mahgoub, B. O’Shea***, M. Otevrel, B. Petrosyan, S. Riemann, S. Rimjaem, A. Shapovalov****, F. Stephan, G. Vashchenko • DESY, Hamburg site:A. Brinkmann, K. Flöttmann, S. Lederer, D. Reschke, S. Schreiber • BESSY Berlin:R. Ovsyannikov, D. Richter, A. Vollmer • CCLRC Daresbury:B. Militsyn • INRNE Sofia:G. Asova, I. Bonev, K. Boyanov, L. Staykov, I. Tsakov • INR Troitsk:A.N. Naboka, V. Paramonov, A.K. Skassyrskaia, A. Zavadtsev * on leave from BINP, Novosibirsk, Russia** on leave from INR, Dubna, Russia*** on leave from UCLA, USA**** on leave from MEPHI, Moscow, Russia • Acknowledgements: R. Brinkmann, U. Gensch, J. Knobloch, L. Kravchuk, V. Nikoghosyan, C. Pagani, L. Palumbo, J. Rossbach, W. Sandner, S. Smith, T. Weiland, G. Wormser The work had partly been supported by the European Community, contract numbers RII3-CT-2004-506008 and 011935, and by the 'Impuls- und Vernetzungsfonds' of the Helmholtz Association, contract number VH-FZ-005. Asova, Tsakov, Bonev

  24. Hi-Tech Group members in DESY 1998-2010 Zlatka Staykova, preparing PhD Galina Asova, preparing PhD Vladimir Arsov Dimitar Mladenov Anton Stoichev Rositsa Gergova Nikolai Evtimov Lachezar Yotov Hristo Yotov Tihomir Plachkov Konstantin Boyanov Ivan Tsakov Ivan Bonev Filip Mladjov Ivan Vlaev Plamen Manchev Velizar Miltchev, PhD defended Kaloyan Krastev, PhD defended Alexander Aleksandov Gancho Dimitrov Kalin Nankov Lazar Staykov, PhD defended Asova, Tsakov, Bonev

  25. Summary • Main Hi-Tech Group activity in development and production of unique scientific apparata • Knowledge on beam dynamics and measurement techniques • Tomography module being installed @ PITZ • Different reconstruction algorithms tested • 2 different sets of measurements used for reconstruction • 0.5 nC, Gaussian pulse • 1 nC, flat-top temporal profile compared to the standard slit scan • specific features of the phase spaces can be seen with both methods Asova, Tsakov, Bonev

  26. MAD by ASTRA bx Matching along the FODO lattice Quadrupole strength k should be defined so that it guarantees periodicity along the FODO lattice. Matching deals easier with the Twiss parameters since the phase advance is a function of the Twiss b. • Assume only linear external focusing: • do the matching with Methodical Accelerator Design (linear transport) • track with A Space-charge Tracking Algorithm Asova, Tsakov, Bonev

  27. The choice of phase advance For which f the calculated emittance has the smallest relative error with respect to a simulated one? • 4 screens → f = p/4 De depends systematically on: • Beam size errors – for which phase advance the deviation of the calculated emittance from a predefined one is the smallest, assuming different beam size errors are possible f = 45° => fixed Twiss on screens: e = 0.9 mm mrad , p = 32 MeV/c Asova, Tsakov, Bonev

  28. Original MAD by ASTRA bx Matching is important – poor periodicity Including particles’ repulsion. Δex = 8 % Asova, Tsakov, Bonev

  29. ex, N = 1.515 mm mrad ex, N = 1.823 mm mrad ex, N = 1.65 mm mrad Measured vs simulated Measured Reco from ASTRA projections Original ASTRA Asova, Tsakov, Bonev

  30. Measured with 1 % cut vs ASTRA Measured Reco from ASTRA projections Original ASTRA ex, N = 1.77 mm mrad ex, N = 1.823 mm mrad w.o. cut (3 %) ex, N = 1.115 mm mrad ex, N = 1.515 mm mrad w.o. cut (26 %) ex, N = 1.65 mm mrad Asova, Tsakov, Bonev

  31. Smaller emittance Fractional emittance Asova, Tsakov, Bonev

  32. 1 0 -1 -1 0 1 Quads tomography vs EMSY The second RED axes are scaled to the ASTRA and quad scan axes sx = 0.615 mm sx' = 0.119 mrad sxx' = -0.034 mm mrad ex, N = 1.823 mm mrad sx = 0.49 +/- 0.01 mm sx' = 0.03 +/- 0.001 mrad sxx' = 0.01 +/- 0.005 mm mrad ex, N = 0.913 +/- 0.025 mm mrad Such a discrepancy is still not conclusive since there is a single complete measurement. Asova, Tsakov, Bonev

  33. Slide 7 celiq, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 23, 24, 27 celite • Sledwa Velizar i Lazar za EMSYtata – napraweno, 1-2 slaida • Tomographiq – predimstwa w srawnenie s emsy, design, ochakwani rezultati, s/w Asova, Tsakov, Bonev

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