1. Accelerator Physics • Basic Formalism • Linear Accelerators • Circular Accelerators • Magnets • Beam Optics • Our Accelerator Greg LeBlanc Lead Accelerator Physicist Australian Synchrotron Project

2. Basic Formalism Lorentz Force • Only works on charged particles • Electric Fields for Acceleration • Magnetic Fields for Steering • Magnetic fields act perpendicular to the direction of motion. • For a relativistic particle, the force from a 1 Tessla magnetic field corresponds to an Electric field of 300 MV/m

3. Basic Formalism Energy • Rest Energy: • Relativistic Parameter: • Velocity: • Relativistic Mass: • Energy in eV: (Electron rest mass 9.1*10-31kg gives a rest energy of 511 keV)

4. Basic Formalism • Particles Relativistic when b1

5. Linear Accelerators • Particles Accelerated in Straight Line • Electrostatic or RF Fields • Planar Wave • Static Case • Lorentz Force • Energy Gain

6. Linear Accelerators Electrostatic Accelerators • Electron Gun • Van de Graaff generator (~20MV)

7. Linear Accelerators RF Accelerators • Wideroe • Long for low frequency • Losses • Alvarez • Higher frequency • Higher voltages

8. Linear Accelerators • Travelling Wave • Standing Wave

9. Synchronicity in a LINAC The length of the ith drift tube is where is the velocity of the particles in the ith drift tube and is the rf period. Australian Synchrotron Example: Electrons at the speed of light (a valid approximation above 5 MeV) in a 3 GHz linac

10. Circular Accelerators • Circular Motion in a Magnetic Field • Centripetal Force • Lorentz Force • B, r or T constant

11. Circular Accelerators • Cyclotron • Constant B • Non-relativistic

12. Circular Accelerators • Microtron • Synchronicity for Dg=integer • DEe=n x 511 keV • DEp=n x 938 MeV • Race Track Microtron

13. Circular Accelerators • Synchrotron • Constant r and T • Magnets ‘Ramped’ • Storage Ring

14. Magnets Dipoles for Steering • Magnetic Field

15. Magnets Quadrupoles for Focusing • Gradient

16. Magnets • Sextupoles • Chromatic effects • Octupoles • Correcting Magnetic Errors

17. Beam Optics Coordinate System • Curvilinear System • Motion Relative Ideal Path individual particle trajectory s y S ideal path y x r x

18. Beam Optics • Particle motion determined by magnetic lattice • Studied using simulation software

19. Beam Optics • Machine Functions • Beam Motion • Beam Size • Beam Emittance

20. Beam Optics • Response Matrix • Probe the Machine with the Beam • Calibrate Models

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