Chapter 11 Section 1

1. Chapter 11 Section 1 Early Industry and Inventions

2. Key Question: How did the Industrial Revolution change the way Americans lived & worked? What was the Industrial Revolution? Some Americans left their farms & worked at factories. Many began using goods that were made at factories, rather than at home The economic changes of the late 1700s when manufacturing replaced farming as the main form of work Chapter 11 Section 1

3. When did the Industrial Revolution begin? Who was Samuel Slater? Why is he important? What changes occurred in Britain shortly before Samuel Slater sailed to the United States? 1793 Builder of the first water-powered textile mills in America. He ushered in the Industrial Revolution. Factory machines began to replace hand tools, and large scale manufacturing began Chapter 11 Section 1

4. Who did Slater hire to work his textile mills? Why? Did his hiring methods catch on in New England? He hired children because their small agile, fingers were considered well-suited to textile work. He later hired whole families to work in his mills. His hiring methods soon caught on. Chapter 11 Section 1

5. Explain 3 reasons why New England was the perfect place to build factories The mills needed water power and New England had many fast-moving rivers For transportation, it had ships and access to the oceans. The region also had a ready labor force of farmers who were tired of scraping together a living from stony fields. Chapter 11 Section 1

6. What was the factory system? Read “Connect to the World” on page 366. Why were children chosen to work in the textile mills? What forced Americans to start building their own goods & products? Method of production using many workers and machines in one building Their small and agile hands were considered well-suited to textile work. The War of 1812 Chapter 11 Section 1

7. What were the Lowell Mills? How were the Lowell Mills different than other factories? Textile mills located in the factory town of Lowell, Massachusetts They hired many women to work & live in factory owned boarding houses They paid a higher wage than other factories. Chapter 11 Section 1

8. Look at the schedule on page 367. What does this schedule tell you about the workers’ daily lives? What caused factories to be built away from New England in the 1830s? Mill workers had long and tightly structured days. Factories were being built to rely on more powerful steam engines, which needed coal and wood, not water. Chapter 11 Section 1

9. What are interchangeable parts? Who invented the use of them? Name 3 ways interchangeable parts impacted production. They are parts that are exactly alike. They were created by Eli Whitney. Sped up production Made repairs easy Allowed the use of less-skilled workers Chapter 11 Section 1

10. Key Question: How did new inventions improve American life? The steamboat & locomotive speeded transportation; the telegraph improved communication; the threshing machine & mechanical reaper made farming more efficient Chapter 11 Section 1

11. Who was Robert Fulton? Who was Henry Miller Shreve? How did he impact history? Inventor of America’s first widely successful steamboat A trader on the Mississippi River, who designed a steamship that could be powered up the Mississippi River, against the current. In 1816, his boat launched a new era of transportation on the river. Chapter 11 Section 1

12. How did cities not located on rivers solve the problem of getting their goods to other places? Who was Richard Trevithick? Who was Peter Cooper? Steam-Powered Trains English engineer who introduced the locomotive in 1803 Builder of America’s first successful steam-powered locomotive Chapter 11 Section 1

13. Who was Samuel F.B. Morse? Why were the steamboat, locomotive, and telegraph so important? Which invention caused many farmers to relocate to the Midwest? Who invented it? Inventor of the telegraph They improved transportation & communication among regions of the country John Deere’s lightweight plow with a steel cutting edge Chapter 11 Section 1

14. What was the threshing machine? Who invented it? What was the mechanical reaper? Who invented it? A device that separates kernels of wheat from their husks; invented by Andrew Meikle in 1786 A device that cuts grain; invented by Cyrus McCormick in 1831 Chapter 11 Section 1

15. How did the new technologies interlink the United States? With new farm equipment, Midwestern farmers grew food to feed Northeastern factory workers, In turn, Midwestern farmers became a market for Northeastern manufactured goods. The growth of Northeastern textile mills increased demand for southern cotton, which, unfortunately, led to the expansion of slavery in the South Chapter 11 Section 1

16. Chapter 11 Section 1 • Look at the timeline on page 368. Which of those inventions do you think had the greatest impact in life in the middle of the 19th century?