Next Generation Internet Program - Transforming Connectivity

1. U.S. Government sponsoredNext Generation Internet Program--NGI--

2. President Clinton - October 1996 • “Connect universities and national labs with high-speed networks that are 100 - 1000 times faster than today's Internet. These networks will connect at least 100 universities and national labs at speeds that are 100 times faster than today's Internet, and a smaller number of institutions at speeds that are 1,000 times faster. These networks will eventually be able to transmit the contents of the entire Encyclopedia Britannica in under a second.”

3. NGI Agencies • DARPA • NSF • DoE • NASA • NIST • NLM

4. Goal 1: Research • Coordinated, multi-agency development, deployment, and demonstration of the technologies necessary to permit the effective, robust, and secure management, provisioning, and end-to-end delivery of differentiated service classes • These activities cluster into three major tasks: • Network Growth Engineering • End-to-End Quality of Service (QoS) • Security

5. Goal 2: Network Testbeds • Create and deploy tools and algorithms for planning and operations that guarantee predictable end-to-end performance at scales and complexities of 100 to 1000 times those of the current Internet • Facilitate management of large scale inter-networks operating at gigabit to terabit speeds supporting a range of traffic classes on a shared infrastructure • Create a network testbed of at least 100 institutions through which users (government and research) share facilities, thereby accelerating the development and penetration of novel network applications

6. Goal 3: Applications • Applications should need NGI speed or services, i.e., be something that could not be done before NGI • Applications should have high visibility

7. NGI Services Needed by Applications • Strong Security • Adaptable Net Management • Selectable Loss Rate • Scaleability • Multicasting • High bandwidth • Bandwidth reservation • Low latency • Low jitter • Nomadicity • Real-time • Variable priority

8. Health Care Environment Education General Science Crisis Response Manufacturing Federal Information Services Collaboration Distributed Computing Security & Privacy Digital Libraries Remote Operations Sample Application Areas

9. Potential NGI Application Network Uses Application Examples Rqmts Teleoperation Telemedicine, Distance Learning, 1 Gbps Telescience Virtual Reality, Battlefield Awareness, Virtual 155 Mbps -Visualization Aerospace Environment, Engineering 1 Gbps Collaboratories Chesapeake Bay Virtual Environment, 155 Mbps Materials Collaboratory per link Network Research Intelligent Assistants, Optical Nets, 10 Gbps Systems of Systems Distributed Data and Genome Database, Patient Records, 1 GbpsDigital Libraries Earth and Space Science Computation Aerodynamics, Astrophysics, Global 2.4 Gbps Change, Stockpile Stewardship

10. NGI FY-1998 Funding by Goal

11. A Partnership

12. NGI and Internet 2: Complementary and Interdependent

13. NGI and Internet 2: Complementary and Interdependent

14. Engineering Objectives • Deploy a production network to support applications R&D • Establish quality of service (QoS) • Support native multicast • Establish gigaPoPs as effective service points

15. ESnet (DREN) JETnets

16. Joint Engineering Team (JET) • A forum of NGI, Internet2 and other federal networks/agencies mainly for technical exchange and coordination • Focused on interconnection and peering of JETnets in support of end-to-end services • Facilitates joint (inter-agency, states, I2) efforts for special connections like Alaska and Hawaii • Joint meetings with Gigapop operators

17. JETnets NGI Funding and Service Types NSF funds vBNS (directly and indirectly) and Abilene (indirectly)

18. Advanced Services • IP multicast: all JETnets (except NISN) have native multicast running in production mode using the PIM-SM, MBGP and MSDP protocols -- 1999 is the year native multicast became real in the backbones (still not on many campuses) • IP QoS: Abilene, ESnet, NREN and vBNS are active members of the QBone project (inter-domain diffserv); vBNS has offered “reserved b/w” service using RSVP/ATM • IPv6: all JETnets are part of the 6Bone project and vBNS is testing a native IPv6 service (separate routers)

19. Performance Expectation and Issues • For OC3 or higher connected sites with 100Mbps switched campus nets and fine tuned end systems (and no firewall in the path) you can expect 80 Mbps end-to-end (memory to memory) - this is not the TYPICAL case • Most performance bottlenecks are in the end systems: lack of path MTU discovery, TCP implementation, multiple memory copying and buffer management; there are also problems in local networks (under-power routers) • NGI program first phase mostly focused on wide area nets, now we are focusing on local nets and end systems

20. Interconnect Issues NGIX effort: NGI / Internet2 JET Chicago: OC-3 going to OC-12 Ames: OC-12 Washington: OC-12 as soon as possible International: StarTap plus Emphasize StarTap as the universal solution Optimize where appropriate Canada as an important special case

22. NLM’s Extramural NGI Applications Program • May 1998 - February 2000 • NRC / CSTB study • September 1998 - June 1999 • Phase I Awards: Planning • September 1999 - June 2002 • Phase II Awards: Implementation • October 2002 - September 2005 • Phase III Awards: Scaling

23. National Research Council Computer Science Technology Board Enhancing the Internet for Biomedical Applications: Technology Requirements and Implementation Strategies

24. Phase I: Planning (FY-99) • 9 month planning phase • Awards not to exceed $100,000 • 24 awards made to 18 universities and 6 companies

25. Phase I: Planning (FY-99) Lessons Learned • Some healthcare applications require high bandwidth, but many do not • Most healthcare applications require Quality of Service (QoS) guarantees • Most healthcare applications can run more economically over the Internet if QoS can be guaranteed

26. Phase I: Lessons Learned (FY-99) Need for NGI in Radiology • Digital radiology of the chest • Mammography • MRI study • Echo-cardiogram study • 200 mbits • 1,600 mbits • 2,000 mbits • 40,000 mbits Utilization of a 155 mbit line • 10%

27. Phase I: Planning (FY-99) Lessons Learned • The need for a medical data privacy and intellectual property policy is the major inhibitor of healthcare use of a Next Generation Internet

28. Phase II: Implementation (FY-00/02) • Seeks to define NGI capabilities needed in: • health care • public health • health education • biomedical research • The creation of testbeds that will facilitate the development of a future NGI network

29. Phase II: Implementation (FY-00/02) • Improve understanding of the impact of NGI capabilities on the nation's biomedical applications areas especially in such areas as: • cost • access • quality

30. Phase II: Implementation (FY-00/02) • 3 year implementation phase • Awards to 15 institutions totaling almost $45 million

31. Personal Internetworked Notary and Guardian (PING) • Provide a patient-controlled personal medical records system available to the patient from any Internet-connected device: • Provide access for highly mobile postpartum mothers at work, school and home to their infants' records • Enable patients and families to manage a fundamentally collaborative process of clinical documentation over the Internet • Ensure that all PING transactions provide the highest available confidentiality of the patient's data, under their control Children's Hospital Boston, MA

32. Radiation Oncology Treatment • Planning/Care Delivery Application • Develop, implement, and evaluate NGI capabilities for radiation oncology treatment planning and care delivery. • Application will provide diagnostic support, treatment planning, and remote verification of equipment from Cancer Center to a remote treatment facility. • Focus on quality of service, security, privacy, and data integrity. • Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory • Laurel, MD

33. Pathology Image Database System • Pathology image database system accessible via the Web. • Program can be queried about an unknown cell. It will automatically compute descriptors and return a diagnoses to the user together with similar images. • Yale School of Medicine • New Haven, CT

34. Remote, Real-time Simulation for Teaching • Human Anatomy and Surgery • Demonstrate remote, real-time teaching of human anatomy and surgery. • Deliver real-time simulation and visualization technologies. • Network-based architecture will allow for multiple high-resolution stereo-graphic displays and haptic devices. • Stanford University School of Medicine • Stanford, CA

35. A Multicenter Clinical Trial Using NGI Technology • Test the network infrastructure capable of high speed transmission of high quality MRI images for a multicenter clinical trial of new therapies for adrenoleukodystrophy (ALD), a fatal neurologic genetic disorder • Ensure medical data privacy and security. Kennedy Krieger Research Institute, Baltimore, MD

36. Medical Nomadic Computing Applications for Patient Transport • Real-time transmission of multimedia patient data from an incident scene and during transport, including acute ischemic stroke and trauma, to a receiving center enabling diagnostic and treatment opportunities prior to arrival. • Define a range of Quality of Service (QoS) requirements for multiple critical care applications • Derive principles of nomadic computing applicable in other time sensitive emergency care models • TRW, Fairfax, VA • University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD

37. Patient Records Computer TELEMEDICINE from an AMBULANCE Mobile Wireless Communications • Wireless transmission of Audio, Video, and Vital Sign data • Integration of existing commercial technologies • Modular, standards-based, open-system components • Cost-sensitive approach Ambulance Configuration Hospital Configuration • Audio • Video • Patient Data • Records • Numerical VS • Waveform VS • Blood Chem NT Server Phone Lines Data In Browser + Java ‘Applet’ Hospital Intranet Secure Link External Antennae 2 to 8 digital cellular phones Web Server Digital Camera ‘Push’ Server Video and Communication Computer TV VCR Video Monitor Microphone Speaker-Phone Patient Vital Signs Monitor SQL Database Physician’s Desktop “Intuitive Interface”

38. MOBILE TELEMEDICINE SYSTEM • Optimizes Treatment Options in the “Golden Hour” • Initiates the Patient Record in the Ambulance • Enhances the Efficiency of the ED • Improves Patient Outcomes • Image Quality/Compression is adjustable • Image Size is adjustable • Bandwidth (~5Kbps per phone line) • resulting in • Diagnostic-Quality Slow-Scan Video Images about 4 images in 10 seconds using320x240 24-bit images, medium JPEG compression, and 4 phones Intuitive Physician’s Interface FOR MORE INFORMATION: James S. Cullen Vice President BDM International, Inc. 703-848-5230 jcullen@bdm.com

39. Phase III: Scaling (FY-03/05) • Successful Phase II projects will be implemented in more realistic, long distance or nationwide settings

41. Related web sites • Abilene -- http://www.ucaid.edu/abilene/ • ESnet -- http://www.es.net/ • DREN -- http://www.hpcmo.hpc.mil/Htdocs/DREN/ • NISN -- http://www.nisn.nasa.gov/ • NREN -- http://www.nren.nasa.gov/ • vBNS -- http://www.vbns.net/ • NLANR -- http://www.nlanr.net/ • CAIDA -- http://www.caida.org/ • JET -- http://www.ccic.gov/jet • Qbone -- http://www.internet2.edu/qbone • NSF ANI -- http://www.interact.nsf.gov/cise/descriptions.nsf/pd/ani?openDocument

42. National Coordination Office for Computing, Information and Communications www.ccic.gov Internet2 (UCAID) www.internet2.edu NASA - Research and Education Network www.nren.nasa.gov DOE www.es.net DARPA www.ito.darpa.mil/ ResearchAreas.html NSF - Connections www.vbns.net NLM www.nlm.nih.gov More Information ... Next Generation Internet www.ngi.gov

43. National Library of Medicine www.nlm.nih.gov