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The U.S. government-sponsored NGI Program aims to revolutionize internet speed and services through advanced technologies and collaborative efforts. It focuses on enhancing research, testing network capabilities, and enabling innovative applications in various sectors.
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U.S. Government sponsoredNext Generation Internet Program--NGI--
President Clinton - October 1996 • “Connect universities and national labs with high-speed networks that are 100 - 1000 times faster than today's Internet. These networks will connect at least 100 universities and national labs at speeds that are 100 times faster than today's Internet, and a smaller number of institutions at speeds that are 1,000 times faster. These networks will eventually be able to transmit the contents of the entire Encyclopedia Britannica in under a second.”
NGI Agencies • DARPA • NSF • DoE • NASA • NIST • NLM
Goal 1: Research • Coordinated, multi-agency development, deployment, and demonstration of the technologies necessary to permit the effective, robust, and secure management, provisioning, and end-to-end delivery of differentiated service classes • These activities cluster into three major tasks: • Network Growth Engineering • End-to-End Quality of Service (QoS) • Security
Goal 2: Network Testbeds • Create and deploy tools and algorithms for planning and operations that guarantee predictable end-to-end performance at scales and complexities of 100 to 1000 times those of the current Internet • Facilitate management of large scale inter-networks operating at gigabit to terabit speeds supporting a range of traffic classes on a shared infrastructure • Create a network testbed of at least 100 institutions through which users (government and research) share facilities, thereby accelerating the development and penetration of novel network applications
Goal 3: Applications • Applications should need NGI speed or services, i.e., be something that could not be done before NGI • Applications should have high visibility
NGI Services Needed by Applications • Strong Security • Adaptable Net Management • Selectable Loss Rate • Scaleability • Multicasting • High bandwidth • Bandwidth reservation • Low latency • Low jitter • Nomadicity • Real-time • Variable priority
Health Care Environment Education General Science Crisis Response Manufacturing Federal Information Services Collaboration Distributed Computing Security & Privacy Digital Libraries Remote Operations Sample Application Areas
Potential NGI Application Network Uses Application Examples Rqmts Teleoperation Telemedicine, Distance Learning, 1 Gbps Telescience Virtual Reality, Battlefield Awareness, Virtual 155 Mbps -Visualization Aerospace Environment, Engineering 1 Gbps Collaboratories Chesapeake Bay Virtual Environment, 155 Mbps Materials Collaboratory per link Network Research Intelligent Assistants, Optical Nets, 10 Gbps Systems of Systems Distributed Data and Genome Database, Patient Records, 1 GbpsDigital Libraries Earth and Space Science Computation Aerodynamics, Astrophysics, Global 2.4 Gbps Change, Stockpile Stewardship
NGI and Internet 2: Complementary and Interdependent
NGI and Internet 2: Complementary and Interdependent
Engineering Objectives • Deploy a production network to support applications R&D • Establish quality of service (QoS) • Support native multicast • Establish gigaPoPs as effective service points
ESnet (DREN) JETnets
Joint Engineering Team (JET) • A forum of NGI, Internet2 and other federal networks/agencies mainly for technical exchange and coordination • Focused on interconnection and peering of JETnets in support of end-to-end services • Facilitates joint (inter-agency, states, I2) efforts for special connections like Alaska and Hawaii • Joint meetings with Gigapop operators
JETnets NGI Funding and Service Types NSF funds vBNS (directly and indirectly) and Abilene (indirectly)
Advanced Services • IP multicast: all JETnets (except NISN) have native multicast running in production mode using the PIM-SM, MBGP and MSDP protocols -- 1999 is the year native multicast became real in the backbones (still not on many campuses) • IP QoS: Abilene, ESnet, NREN and vBNS are active members of the QBone project (inter-domain diffserv); vBNS has offered “reserved b/w” service using RSVP/ATM • IPv6: all JETnets are part of the 6Bone project and vBNS is testing a native IPv6 service (separate routers)
Performance Expectation and Issues • For OC3 or higher connected sites with 100Mbps switched campus nets and fine tuned end systems (and no firewall in the path) you can expect 80 Mbps end-to-end (memory to memory) - this is not the TYPICAL case • Most performance bottlenecks are in the end systems: lack of path MTU discovery, TCP implementation, multiple memory copying and buffer management; there are also problems in local networks (under-power routers) • NGI program first phase mostly focused on wide area nets, now we are focusing on local nets and end systems
Interconnect Issues NGIX effort: NGI / Internet2 JET Chicago: OC-3 going to OC-12 Ames: OC-12 Washington: OC-12 as soon as possible International: StarTap plus Emphasize StarTap as the universal solution Optimize where appropriate Canada as an important special case
NLM’s Extramural NGI Applications Program • May 1998 - February 2000 • NRC / CSTB study • September 1998 - June 1999 • Phase I Awards: Planning • September 1999 - June 2002 • Phase II Awards: Implementation • October 2002 - September 2005 • Phase III Awards: Scaling
National Research Council Computer Science Technology Board Enhancing the Internet for Biomedical Applications: Technology Requirements and Implementation Strategies
Phase I: Planning (FY-99) • 9 month planning phase • Awards not to exceed $100,000 • 24 awards made to 18 universities and 6 companies
Phase I: Planning (FY-99) Lessons Learned • Some healthcare applications require high bandwidth, but many do not • Most healthcare applications require Quality of Service (QoS) guarantees • Most healthcare applications can run more economically over the Internet if QoS can be guaranteed
Phase I: Lessons Learned (FY-99) Need for NGI in Radiology • Digital radiology of the chest • Mammography • MRI study • Echo-cardiogram study • 200 mbits • 1,600 mbits • 2,000 mbits • 40,000 mbits Utilization of a 155 mbit line • 10%
Phase I: Planning (FY-99) Lessons Learned • The need for a medical data privacy and intellectual property policy is the major inhibitor of healthcare use of a Next Generation Internet
Phase II: Implementation (FY-00/02) • Seeks to define NGI capabilities needed in: • health care • public health • health education • biomedical research • The creation of testbeds that will facilitate the development of a future NGI network
Phase II: Implementation (FY-00/02) • Improve understanding of the impact of NGI capabilities on the nation's biomedical applications areas especially in such areas as: • cost • access • quality
Phase II: Implementation (FY-00/02) • 3 year implementation phase • Awards to 15 institutions totaling almost $45 million
Personal Internetworked Notary and Guardian (PING) • Provide a patient-controlled personal medical records system available to the patient from any Internet-connected device: • Provide access for highly mobile postpartum mothers at work, school and home to their infants' records • Enable patients and families to manage a fundamentally collaborative process of clinical documentation over the Internet • Ensure that all PING transactions provide the highest available confidentiality of the patient's data, under their control Children's Hospital Boston, MA
Radiation Oncology Treatment • Planning/Care Delivery Application • Develop, implement, and evaluate NGI capabilities for radiation oncology treatment planning and care delivery. • Application will provide diagnostic support, treatment planning, and remote verification of equipment from Cancer Center to a remote treatment facility. • Focus on quality of service, security, privacy, and data integrity. • Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory • Laurel, MD
Pathology Image Database System • Pathology image database system accessible via the Web. • Program can be queried about an unknown cell. It will automatically compute descriptors and return a diagnoses to the user together with similar images. • Yale School of Medicine • New Haven, CT
Remote, Real-time Simulation for Teaching • Human Anatomy and Surgery • Demonstrate remote, real-time teaching of human anatomy and surgery. • Deliver real-time simulation and visualization technologies. • Network-based architecture will allow for multiple high-resolution stereo-graphic displays and haptic devices. • Stanford University School of Medicine • Stanford, CA
A Multicenter Clinical Trial Using NGI Technology • Test the network infrastructure capable of high speed transmission of high quality MRI images for a multicenter clinical trial of new therapies for adrenoleukodystrophy (ALD), a fatal neurologic genetic disorder • Ensure medical data privacy and security. Kennedy Krieger Research Institute, Baltimore, MD
Medical Nomadic Computing Applications for Patient Transport • Real-time transmission of multimedia patient data from an incident scene and during transport, including acute ischemic stroke and trauma, to a receiving center enabling diagnostic and treatment opportunities prior to arrival. • Define a range of Quality of Service (QoS) requirements for multiple critical care applications • Derive principles of nomadic computing applicable in other time sensitive emergency care models • TRW, Fairfax, VA • University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD
Patient Records Computer TELEMEDICINE from an AMBULANCE Mobile Wireless Communications • Wireless transmission of Audio, Video, and Vital Sign data • Integration of existing commercial technologies • Modular, standards-based, open-system components • Cost-sensitive approach Ambulance Configuration Hospital Configuration • Audio • Video • Patient Data • Records • Numerical VS • Waveform VS • Blood Chem NT Server Phone Lines Data In Browser + Java ‘Applet’ Hospital Intranet Secure Link External Antennae 2 to 8 digital cellular phones Web Server Digital Camera ‘Push’ Server Video and Communication Computer TV VCR Video Monitor Microphone Speaker-Phone Patient Vital Signs Monitor SQL Database Physician’s Desktop “Intuitive Interface”
MOBILE TELEMEDICINE SYSTEM • Optimizes Treatment Options in the “Golden Hour” • Initiates the Patient Record in the Ambulance • Enhances the Efficiency of the ED • Improves Patient Outcomes • Image Quality/Compression is adjustable • Image Size is adjustable • Bandwidth (~5Kbps per phone line) • resulting in • Diagnostic-Quality Slow-Scan Video Images about 4 images in 10 seconds using320x240 24-bit images, medium JPEG compression, and 4 phones Intuitive Physician’s Interface FOR MORE INFORMATION: James S. Cullen Vice President BDM International, Inc. 703-848-5230 jcullen@bdm.com
Phase III: Scaling (FY-03/05) • Successful Phase II projects will be implemented in more realistic, long distance or nationwide settings
Related web sites • Abilene -- http://www.ucaid.edu/abilene/ • ESnet -- http://www.es.net/ • DREN -- http://www.hpcmo.hpc.mil/Htdocs/DREN/ • NISN -- http://www.nisn.nasa.gov/ • NREN -- http://www.nren.nasa.gov/ • vBNS -- http://www.vbns.net/ • NLANR -- http://www.nlanr.net/ • CAIDA -- http://www.caida.org/ • JET -- http://www.ccic.gov/jet • Qbone -- http://www.internet2.edu/qbone • NSF ANI -- http://www.interact.nsf.gov/cise/descriptions.nsf/pd/ani?openDocument
National Coordination Office for Computing, Information and Communications www.ccic.gov Internet2 (UCAID) www.internet2.edu NASA - Research and Education Network www.nren.nasa.gov DOE www.es.net DARPA www.ito.darpa.mil/ ResearchAreas.html NSF - Connections www.vbns.net NLM www.nlm.nih.gov More Information ... Next Generation Internet www.ngi.gov
National Library of Medicine www.nlm.nih.gov