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Interactive User Interfaces in Information Visualization

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Explore the Cognitive Coprocessor Architecture and its applications in Interactive User Interfaces for information visualization. Learn about managing agents, improving workspace efficiency, and overcoming UI architecture challenges.

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Interactive User Interfaces in Information Visualization

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  1. CS-533C Reading Presentation Interactive User Interfacesin Information Visualization Quanzhen Geng (Master of Software Systems Program) March 3, 2003 1

  2. Human-Computer Interaction-- The Triple Agent Model 2 Robertson, Card, and Mackinlay (1989)

  3. Interactive User Interfaces Design for Information Visualization • Goal: • Lower the cost of finding and accessing information • Techniques: • Cognitive Coprocessor Architecture • Dynamic Queries; Tight coupling of dynamic queries with Starfield Display • etc. 3

  4. What is Cognitive Coprocessor ? The Cognitive Coprocessor Architecture for Interactive User Interfaces -- Robertson, Card, and Mackinlay (1989) Definition • The Cognitive Coprocessor is a user interface architecture that supports: -- the triple agent model -- the addition of intelligent agents -- smooth interactive animation • It includes management of multiple asynchronous agents that operate with different time constants and need to interrupt and redirect each other’s work. 4 Robertson, Card, and Mackinlay (1989)

  5. Cognitive Coprocessor Architecture http://www.ics.uci.edu/~kobsa/courses/ICS280/notes/presentations/ 5

  6. Why Cognitive Coprocessor ? 6

  7. Implementations of Cognitive Coprocessor Information Workspaces: • A virtual environment for finding information and accessing it. Creating Workspaces: • Rooms System • Extend the desktop to multiple workspaces. • User can switch among multiple workspaces. 7

  8. Information Workspaces • Improving Rooms System • Objective: • Decrease the costs for performing information-intensive tasks, or, alternatively, to increase the scope of information that can be utilized for the same cost. • Method: • Large Workspaces -- Make the immediate workspace virtually larger • Agents – Delegate part of the workload to semi-autonomous agents • Real-Time Interaction – Maximize the interaction rates • Visual Abstractions – Speed assimilation and pattern detection 8

  9. UI Architecture • Several Problems • Multiple Agent Problem: How can system manage the interaction of multiple asynchronous agents. • Animation Problem: How can system provide smooth interactive animation • Interaction Problem: How can 3D widgets be designed and coupled to appropriate application behavior. • Viewpoint Movement Problem: How can the user changed the point of view rapidly and simply • Object Movement Problem: How can objects be easily moved about in a 3D space • Small Screen Space Problem: How can the dynamic properties of the system be utilized to provide the user with an adequately large work space. 9

  10. UI Architecture 10

  11. How Cognitive Coprocessor Works ? • Cognitive Coprocessor has • An animation loop and a scheduler for agents • An impedance matcher between the cognitive and perceptual information processing requirements of the user and the properties of these agents • 3 sorts of time constants • Perceptual processing time constant (0.1sec) • Immediate response time constant (1sec) • Unit task time constant (5~30sec) 11

  12. How Cognitive Coprocessor Works ?(contd.) • Perceptual processing time constant • Governor: reduce the quality to keep the frame rate. • Immediate response time constant • Agents provide status feedback at intervals no longer than this time constant • Immediate response animation • Unit task time constant • Time to complete a task • User can start the next request as soon as sufficient information has developed from the last request or even in parallel with it 12

  13. Interactive Objects • Basic building block in the Information Visualizer • Generalization of Rooms Buttons • 2D/3D appearance • Allow mouse-based input (press, rubout, check, flick) 13

  14. 3D Navigation and Manipulation • Doors • Walking metaphor • Point of interest logarithmic flight • Object of interest logarithmic manipulation 14

  15. Visual Abstractions • Hierarchical Structure -> Cone Tree • Linear Structure -> Perspective Wall • Continuous Data -> Data Sculpture • Spatial Data -> Office Floor plan • …………. -> ………….. 15

  16. Cone Tree 16

  17. Cone Trees 17 research.microsoft.com/~ggr/gi97.ppt

  18. Perspective Wall 18 research.microsoft.com/~ggr/gi97.ppt

  19. Hyperbolic Browser 19 research.microsoft.com/~ggr/gi97.ppt

  20. Example: 3D-Room (The Exploratory) 20 Robertson, Card, and Mackinlay (1989)

  21. 3D Navigation Task (Hallway) research.microsoft.com/~ggr/gi97.ppt 21

  22. 3D GUI for Web Browsing 22

  23. 3D GUI for Web Browsing http://research.microsoft.com/ui/TaskGallery/index.htm 23

  24. Web Forager http://research.microsoft.com/ui/TaskGallery/index.htm 24

  25. WebBook research.microsoft.com/~ggr/gi97.ppt 25

  26. 3D GUI for Desktop http://research.microsoft.com/ui/TaskGallery/index.htm 26

  27. SummaryCognitive Coprocesser & Information Visualizer Analysis Goals UI Artifacts COST STRUCTURE OF INFORMATION INFORMATION WORKSPACE ANIMATED GUI Access Costs Larger Workspace Denser Workspace 3D/Rooms Interactive Objects Cognitive Coprocessor Interaction Costs Highly Interactive INFORMATION VISUALIZATIONS Assimilation Costs Information Visualization research.microsoft.com/~ggr/gi97.ppt 27

  28. Dynamic Queries Definition • Visual Alternative to SQL for Querying databases Implementation • The input controls for the search are decided depending on data types and the values, • Examples are Buttons, Ratio Buttons, Simple sliders and Range Sliders etc. 28

  29. Dynamic Queries: Advantages • Users can “fly through data” by adjusting sliders • Novice: formulating query at command line leads to errors in syntax and understanding • Experts: interpretation of results can be easier (air traffic controllers, demographers, statisticians) 29

  30. Example: Home Finder ( Text ) 30 www.sims.berkeley.edu/courses/is247/ s02/lectures/waterson.ppt

  31. Examples: Periodic Table of the Elements Periodic Table of the ElementsAdjust properties with sliders on the bottom to highlight matching elements. 31 www.sims.berkeley.edu/courses/is247/ s02/lectures/waterson.ppt

  32. Examples DynaMapCervical cancer rates from 1950-1970 - modify year, state, demographics Unix Directory Exploration 32 www.sims.berkeley.edu/courses/is247/ s02/lectures/waterson.ppt

  33. Visual Information Seeking:Tight coupling of dynamic query filters with starfield display Ahlberg and Shneiderman ( ) • Dynamic Queries Filter:query parameters rapidly adjusted with slider, buttons, checkboxes etc. • Starfield Display:result sets are continuously available and support viewing of hundreds or thousands of items. Usually a 2D scatter plot. • Tight Coupling:query components are interrelated in ways that preserve display invariants and support progressive refinement. 33

  34. Tight Coupling Advantages: • Tight coupling reveals the software state and constrains the user from making erroneous actions • For example: if a user wants films before 1935 then only certain actors and directors are further selectable. • Tight coupling aspect: every output of query is a candidate for input of a another query • Helps in reducing screen clutter 34

  35. Tight Coupling (Contd.) Advantages: • Progressive refinement of query • Details on demand : idea of hypermedia • Click on the data points to get further information 35

  36. Example: Home Finder ( Map ) 36 www.sims.berkeley.edu/courses/is247/ s02/lectures/waterson.ppt

  37. Response of 18 Subjects using HomeFinder www.ics.uci.edu/~kobsa/courses/ICS280/notes/ presentations/Ahlberg-Shneiderman.ppt 37

  38. Example: FilmFinder 38

  39. Example: FilmFinder 39

  40. FilmFinder • Existing tools did not provide users with overview of data • Bad progressive refinement of existing tools* compared with FilmFinder * Microsoft Cinemania, Leonard Maltin’s Movie & Video Guide 40

  41. Examples Information Visualization and Exploration Environment (IVEE) Job to Skills matching 41 www.sims.berkeley.edu/courses/is247/ s02/lectures/waterson.ppt

  42. Advantages: Quick, easy, safe, & playful Good for novices & experts Excellent for exploration of very large data sets Dynamic Queries: Pros & Cons • Disadvantages: • Database management systems can’t handle the queries • Application specific programming • Simple queries only • So many controls… 42

  43. Dynamic Queries:Contributions to Interactive User Interfaces • Direct Manipulation • Supports browsing of databases by -rapid filtering -progressive refinement -continuous reformulation of goals -visual scanning to identify results 43

  44. Conclusions • There are several architectures designed for Interactive User Interfaces of InfoVis. • Each has its own specific area of usage • Choose UI architectures (techniques) based on Application tasks 44

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