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Understanding Medical Terminology: Structure, Analysis, and Pronunciation

This chapter provides essential learning objectives for dissecting medical terms into their component parts. It covers the basic structure of medical words, including roots, prefixes, suffixes, and combining vowels. Readers will learn to analyze, pronounce, and spell medical terms accurately. Specific rules for interpreting term meanings and examples illustrate how to apply these principles effectively. Additionally, the chapter features pronunciation guides to ensure clarity. This foundational knowledge is vital for anyone pursuing a career in healthcare or related fields.

marvin-albert
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Understanding Medical Terminology: Structure, Analysis, and Pronunciation

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  1. Chapter 1 Basic Word Structure

  2. Learning Objectives • Divide medical terms into component parts • Analyze, pronounce, and spell medical terms using common combining forms, suffixes, and prefixes

  3. Word Analysis Important Word Parts: • Root: the essential meaning of the term • Suffix: word ending • Prefix: small part added to the beginning of the term • Combining vowel:connects roots to suffixes and roots to other roots • Combining form: the combination of the root and the combining vowel

  4. Word Analysis (cont’d.) General rules: • Readthe meaning of medical terms from the suffix back to the beginning of the term and then across • Drop the combining vowel before a suffix beginning with a vowel: gastritis not gastroitis • Keep the combining vowel word roots: gastroenterology not gastrenterology

  5. Word Analysis (cont’d.) Example: ELECTR/O/CARDI/O/GRAM means record of electricity in the heart ELECTR: root O: combining vowel CARDI: root O: combining vowel GRAM: suffix

  6. Word Analysis (cont’d.) Example: SUB/GASTR/IC means pertaining to under the stomach SUB: Prefix (under) GASTR: Root (stomach) IC: Suffix (pertaining to)

  7. Combining forms Examples: aden/o: gland cardi/o: heart gastr/o stomach gnos/o: knowledge psych/o: mind cerebr/o: cerebrum, largest part of the brain

  8. Functions of the Cerebrum

  9. The Urinary Tract

  10. Location of Small and Large Intestines in the Abdominal Cavity

  11. Blood Cells

  12. Suffixes Examples: - al pertaining to - ectomy cutting out; removal, excision - ia condition - sis state of - tomy process of cutting into; incision

  13. Prefixes Examples a-, an- no, not dia- complete, through endo- within hypo- below, less than normal pro- before, forward trans- across, through

  14. Pronunciation of Terms The capitalized letters in boldface are the accented syllable. • AR-thro-gram = arthrogram • seh-FAL-jah = cephalgia • DIS-en-teh-re = dysentery • e-lek-tro-en-SEF-ah-lo-gram = electroencephalogram • gas-TROS-ko-pe = gastroscopy

  15. Pronunciation of Terms (cont’d.) • hep-ah-TO-mah = hepatoma • lap-ah-ROS-ko-pe = laparoscopy • nu-RAL-jah = neuralgia • os-te-I-tis = osteitis • ri-NI-tis = rhinitis • sub-heh-PAT-ik = subhepatic • trans-u-RE-thral = transurethral

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