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Optimizing Lead Ion Bunch Parameters for LHC Performance

This document discusses the limits and optimization strategies for lead ions in the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). A maximum luminosity of 1.027 x 10^27 cm^-2 s^-1 with 600 bunches is achievable, considering quenching effects, detection limits, and minimum bunch ion counts. It highlights the significance of bunch patterns, where a notable increase in Br and bunchlet recombination efforts are critical for overcoming incoherent tune shifts. Proposed filling schemes aim for efficient ion delivery to the LHC, ensuring maximum operational effectiveness while addressing tune shift constraints.

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Optimizing Lead Ion Bunch Parameters for LHC Performance

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  1. LHC • L=1027 cm-2s-1 with b=0.5m and ~600 bunches • MAX limit due to quench(safety margin negative) and central detector limit (8 barn over ~437 are useful) . Leads to 7 107 ions/bunch. • Min limit due to resolution of BPM’s (2mm at 1.5 109 charges/bunch) i.e. 1.8 107 ions/bunch at the end of coast …4 107 at the beginning of coast!!! • Means at the exit of LEIR (eff.=30%) a minimum of 5.3 108 ions for 4 bunches in LHC…The maximum of 9 108 can be overpass if b>0.5m at the beg. of the coast but…

  2. SPS • At SPS, injection limit due to incoherent tune shift(0.07) and IBS growth rate overcome by: • Increase Br to 88 Tm (same as LHC proton, 2.4 s cycle) • 4 pairs of bunchlets created in PS(200MHz) recombined in SPS (100MHz system) • Kicker rise time ~200ns implies batch of 4 bunches separated by 100ns, new LHC filling scheme (592b/ring)…(could also be 50ns…PS investment ) • If there is no way to remove this tune shift limit then max from LEIR=9 108

  3. LEAD SCHEME • 9 108 in LEIR 2 bunches (Lead 54+) • LEIR 4.8Tm to PS 2b. in h=1614 12… then split(4b.) to h=24 21 169 then split (4pairs of bunchlets) h=200. • PS 88Tm, stripping Lead82+ SPS stacking and accel.+ recombine pairs to 1b.(100MHz RF) then LHC. • Bunch pattern 3*(13+13+12)+1*(13+13+8)

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